Table 1.

MR results of the causal effect of EA on the risk of COVID-19 severity.

IVW method	Weighted median method	MR-Egger regression method		Heterogeneity (IVW)	MR-PRESSO global test
OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	Intercept	Cochran's Q
P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value
0.540 (0.376–0.777)	0.484 (0.283–0.826)	0.353 (0.084–1.483)	0.006	261.9
P = 0.0009	P = 0.008	P = 0.156	P = 0.548	P = 0.102	P = 0.115

MR, Mendelian randomization; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EA, educational attainment; IVW, inverse variance weighted; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.