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The hypothesized association between duration of paternal leave and father-infant bonding through weekly hours spent on childcare, including six potential confounders. X, predictor variable; M, mediator variable; Y, outcome variable; C1−6, confounders; a, effect of X on M; b, effect of M on Y; ab, indirect effect of X on Y; c', direct effect of X on Y, estimates the difference between X and Y holding M constant; f1−6, effects of C1−6 on M; g1−6, effects of C1−6 on Y.
