Table 1.
Sample description.
| Sample characteristics | Total (n = 637) | |
|---|---|---|
| na (%b) | M ± SD (range) | |
| Age in years (T1) | 32.3 ± 4.7 (20–48) | |
| Week of partners pregnancy (T1) | 30.6 ± 6.2 (8–41) | |
| Country of birth (T1) | ||
| Germany | 622 (98.0) | |
| Other | 13 (2.0) | |
| Education (T1) | ||
| No university degree | 268 (42.5) | |
| University degree | 362 (57.5) | |
| Parity (T1) | ||
| Primiparous | 486 (77.9) | |
| Multiparous | 138 (22.1) | |
| Employment status (T1)c | ||
| Full-time employed | 545 (85.8) | |
| Part-time employed | 52 (8.2) | |
| Marginally employed | 15 (2.4) | |
| Othersd | 56 (8.8) | |
| Infant age in weeks (T2) | 9.1 ± 2.3 (4–21) | |
| Partnership satisfaction (T2; 0–27)e | 19.8 ± 4.0 (6–27) | |
| Infant age in months (T3) | 13.9 ± 0.5 (12–16) | |
| Employment status (T3)c | ||
| Full-time employed | 466 (77.0) | |
| Part-time employed | 95 (15.7) | |
| Marginally employed | 9 (1.5) | |
| Othersf | 0 (0) | |
| Father-infant bonding (T3; 0–125)g | 111.9 ± 8.1 (81–125) | |
| Duration of paternal leave in months (T3)h | 2.4 ± 2.4 (0–15) | |
| Weekly hours spent on childcare (T3) | 28.0 ± 13.1 (5–112) | |
| Current status of paternal leave (T3) | ||
| Never been or already finished paternal leave | 504 (82.4) | |
| Currently on paternal leave | 108 (17.6) | |
| Part-time work during paternal leave (T3) | ||
| No part-time work during paternal leave | 422 (83.2) | |
| Part-time work during paternal leave | 85 (16.8) | |
| Duration of solo paternal leave in months (T3)i | 0.7 ± 1.5 (0–12) | |
T1, Measurement point during pregnancy; T2, Measurement point around 8 weeks after the anticipated birth date; T3, Measurement point around 14 months after the actual birth date.
n slightly varies due to missing data of some participants.
Valid percent.
Multiple answers allowed.
Including irregular employment, apprenticeship, student, unemployed, and others.
Short version of the Partnership Questionnaire (“Kurzform des Partnerschaftsfragebogens”, PFB-K).
Including irregular employment, apprenticeship, and others (not including students and unemployed participants who were excluded as they are not entitled to parental leave).
Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ); reversed items so that higher scores indicate a higher level of father-infant bonding.
Sum of all paternal leave periods until T3.
Sum of all paternal leave periods that the father took on his own, i.e., not parallel to maternal leave, until T3.