Table 1.
Description of the study participants categorized by BMI.
| Lean (BMI < 23 kg/m2) | Overweight/Obese (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 46) | PCOS (n = 50) | P-value | Control (n = 41) | PCOS (n =106) | P-value | |
| Age (year) | 30.67 ± 3.46 | 29.48 ± 2.94 | 0.071 | 31.61 ± 3.01 | 30.72 ± 3.10 | 0.117 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.45 ± 1.58 | 20.94 ± 1.55 | 0.123 | 26.32 ± 2.97 | 27.13 ± 2.77 | 0.123 |
| BFP (%) | 26.30 ± 3.77 | 28.73 ± 4.39 | 0.005 | 34.81 ± 3.18 | 36.68 ± 4.17 | 0.004 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.84 (0.80–0.86) | 0.85 (0.83–0.87) | 0.024 | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) | 0.93 (0.91–0.97) | 0.210 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 14.18 ± 2.95 | 15.64 ± 3.97 | 0.046 | 24.77 ± 5.91 | 26.22 ± 6.58 | 0.221 |
| Visceral fat (kg) | 8.05 (6.78–8.90) | 8.30 (7.08–9.13) | 0.083 | 11.20 (10.60–12.05) | 12.05 (10.88–14.00) | 0.029 |
| AMH (ng/mL) | 3.91 ± 2.82 | 10.62 ± 5.53 | 0.001 | 3.81 ± 2.21 | 7.85 ± 4.27 | 0.001 |
| Total T (ng/mL) | 0.49 ± 0.19 | 0.70 ± 0.29 | 0.001 | 0.43 ± 0.19 | 0.63 ± 0.22 | 0.001 |
| Free T (nM) | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 0.002 | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | 0.001 |
| DHEAS (nM) | 2485.70 (1872.11–3586.00) | 3778.64 (2655.18–5321.61) | 0.826 | 2345.58 (1791.56–3278.80) | 4540.29 (3104.27–5972.21) | 0.001 |
| SHBG (nM) | 52.35 (38.88–73.55) | 38.20 (23.15–65.30) | 0.001 | 31.90 (18.45–41.50) | 20.75 (13.70–30.00) | 0.001 |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 45.50 (37.75–70.00) | 67.50 (42.75–96.50) | 0.676 | 45.00 (30.50–68.00) | 49.50 (35.00–68.00) | 0.339 |
| Progesterone (ng/mL) | 0.54 (0.38–0.90) | 0.65 (0.45–1.11) | 0.017 | 0.60 (0.44–0.89) | 0.67 (0.42–0.91) | 0.995 |
| LH (mIU/mL) | 4.11 (3.57–6.26) | 14.76 (9.40–18.74) | 0.562 | 4.37 (2.48–5.86) | 9.48 (5.90–13.12) | 0.001 |
| Prolactin (ng/mL) | 14.47 (9.91–17.64) | 10.70 (7.80–15.62) | 0.009 | 13.14 (10.43–17.11) | 10.63 (7.79–15.14) | 0.010 |
| FSH (mIU/mL) | 7.29 (6.12–9.01) | 7.28 (5.79–8.73) | 0.026 | 7.26 (5.94–8.53) | 6.60 (5.57–7.67) | 0.082 |
| TSH (μIU/mL) | 2.09 ± 0.89 | 2.21 ± 1.18 | 0.585 | 2.15 ± 1.25 | 2.60 ± 4.60 | 0.536 |
| Total cholesterol (mM) | 4.37 (3.95–5.07) | 4.41 (4.07–5.20) | 0.096 | 4.54 (4.27–5.01) | 4.88 (4.33–5.51) | 0.067 |
| HDL (mM) | 1.50 (1.30–1.81) | 1.36 (1.10–1.57) | 0.832 | 1.15 (0.99–1.36) | 1.11 (0.95–1.27) | 0.314 |
| LDL (mM) | 2.52 (2.25–3.07) | 2.63 (2.29–3.08) | 0.017 | 2.87 (2.56–3.25) | 3.18 (2.60–3.63) | 0.084 |
| Triglycerides (mM) | 0.81 (0.60–1.11) | 1.02 (0.55–1.64) | 0.009 | 1.14 (0.84–1.84) | 1.53 (1.05–2.16) | 0.033 |
| FPG (mM) | 5.12 (4.89–5.45) | 5.15 (4.97–5.34) | 0.895 | 5.31 (4.98–5.67) | 5.36 (5.00–5.78) | 0.675 |
| FSI (mIU/L) | 8.30 (5.98–10.78) | 8.30 (5.80–10.75) | 0.164 | 13.10 (9.45–18.5) | 16.80 (11.08–21.95) | 0.050 |
BMI, body mass index; BFP, body fat percentage; AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; Total T, total testosterone; Free T, free testosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FSI, fasting serum insulin. Mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) are shown. The Student’s t test was used for normal distribution data and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for non-normal distribution data.