Table 1.

Identification of privacy threats/concerns – mHealth and monitoring chronic diseases

Processes in mHealth monitoring	Privacy threat/concern
Data collection and activity monitoring using wearables or sensors	• Continuous monitoring (Avancha et al. 2012) • Volume of data collection (Steinhubl et al. 2015) • Invisibility (Brey 2005)
Communication between wearable device and mobile phone	• Data security (Steinhubl et al. 2015) • Encryption (Avancha et al. 2012) (Steinhubl et al. 2015) • Confidentiality (Harvey and Harvey 2014)
Location tracking using mobile phones	• Profiling (Avancha et al. 2012) • Surveillance (Shilton 2009)
Sharing of data with healthcare practitioners, insurance companies and other users	• Data use (unauthorised or unanticipated) (European Commission 2011) • Sharing of data (Avancha et al. 2012) • Information misuse/abuse (European Commission 2011)
Manual data input	• Data quality (Avancha et al. 2012)
Use of mobile applications	• Encryption (McCarthy 2013) • Data control (Arora et al. 2014) • Accessibility (Arora et al. 2014) • Disclosure risks (Steinhubl et al. 2015)
Doctor to patient communication	• Confidentiality (Harvey and Harvey 2014)