Table 2. Parameter estimation for structural equation model (N = 1407).
Model | Variable relationship | Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P | R2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Structural Equation Model | PH | <--- | EC | 0.01 | 0.004 | 2.398 | 0.016 | 0.117 |
PH | <--- | INE | -0.056 | 0.019 | -3.004 | 0.003 | ||
PH | <--- | SS | -0.052 | 0.018 | -2.907 | 0.004 | ||
PH | <--- | PF | 0.008 | 0.002 | 4.917 | 0.000 | ||
MH | <--- | EC | 0.005 | 0.015 | 0319 | 0.75 | 0.298 | |
MH | <--- | INE | 0.155 | 0.065 | 2.402 | 0.016 | ||
MH | <--- | SS | -0.687 | 0.082 | -8.339 | 0.000 | ||
MH | <--- | PF | 0.033 | 0.005 | 6.34 | 0.000 | ||
PF | <--- | EC | -0.263 | 0.105 | -2.492 | 0.013 | 0.126 | |
PF | <--- | INE | 4.465 | 0.432 | 10.341 | 0.000 | ||
PF | <--- | SS | -1.686 | 0.391 | -4.31 | 0.000 | ||
Measurement Equation model | E1 | <--- | PH | 1 | 0.119 | |||
E2 | <--- | PH | 18.76 | 2.568 | 7.305 | 0.000 | 0.258 | |
E3 | <--- | PH | 15.263 | 2.302 | 6.629 | 0.000 | 0.357 | |
E4 | <--- | MH | 1 | 0.308 | ||||
E5 | <--- | MH | 1.118 | 0.074 | 15.168 | 0.000 | 0.515 | |
E6 | <--- | MH | 0.831 | 0.059 | 14182 | 0.000 | 0.353 | |
E7 | <--- | MH | 0.304 | 0.036 | 8.383 | 0.000 | 0.077 | |
E8 | <--- | MH | 1.109 | 0.08 | 13.837 | 0.000 | 0.268 | |
E9 | <--- | PF | 1 | 0.828 | ||||
E10 | <--- | PF | 0.246 | 0.01 | 25.294 | 0.000 | 0.488 | |
E11 | <--- | PF | 1.146 | 0.047 | 24.612 | 0.000 | 0.501 | |
E12 | <--- | EC | 1 | 0.221 | ||||
E13 | <--- | EC | 1.384 | 0.11 | 12.589 | 0.000 | 0.488 | |
E14 | <--- | EC | 1.468 | 0.121 | 12.174 | 0.000 | 0.504 | |
E15 | <--- | INE | 1 | 0.53 | ||||
E16 | <--- | INE | 1.388 | 0.047 | 39.827 | 0.000 | 0.876 | |
E17 | <--- | INE | 1.112 | 0.041 | 27.23 | 0.000 | 0.568 | |
E18 | <--- | INE | 1.187 | 0.205 | 5.8 | 0.000 | 0.026 | |
E21 | <--- | SS | 1 | 0.595 | ||||
E20 | <--- | SS | 1.298 | 0.112 | 11.593 | 0.000 | 0.192 | |
E21 | <--- | SS | 0.527 | 0.044 | 11.975 | 0.000 | 0.276 | |
Model fitting index | fitting index | χ2/df | CFI | TLI | NFI | IFI | RFI | RMSEA |
standards | <5 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | <0.05 | |
Model results | 3.644 | 0.929 | 0.915 | 0.905 | 0.93 | 0.886 | 0.043 |