Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by Mg categories.
| Characteristics | Magnesium groups (range of serum magnesium levels [mg/dL]) | P values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | lower (< 1.9) | intermediate (≥ 1.9, < 2.2) | higher (≥ 2.2) | ||
| n = 100 | n = 31 | n = 38 | n = 31 | ||
| Age, year | 72 [63, 79] | 73 [64, 80] | 75 [64, 81] | 71 [55, 76] | .352 |
| Male, n (%) | 69 (69) | 21 (67) | 24 (63) | 24 (77) | .437 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21 [19, 24] | 22 [15, 27] | 20 [13, 37] | 21 [14, 34] | .444 |
| History of CVD, n (%) | 28 (28.0) | 8 (25.8) | 13 (34.2) | 7 (22.6) | .535 |
| smoker, n (%) | 55 (55.0) | 17 (54.8) | 21 (55.3) | 17 (56.7) | .989 |
| DM, n (%) | 59 (59.0) | 21 (67.7) | 20 (52.6) | 18 (58.1) | .443 |
| Duration of DM, year | 9 [0, 21] | 8 [0, 23.5] | 0 [0, 20.75] | 18 [0, 20] | .434 |
| HT, n (%) | 95 (95.0) | 31 (100.0) | 35 (92.1) | 29 (93.5) | .295 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 38 (38.8) | 12 (40.0) | 11 (29.7) | 15 (48.4) | .286 |
| SBP, mmHg | 150 [131, 164] | 146 [132, 162] | 154 [132, 165] | 150 [134, 162] | .977 |
| DPB, mmHg | 75 [65, 84] | 75 [64, 83] | 76 [64, 83] | 74 [69, 84] | .969 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 5 [4.6, 7] | 6 [4, 7] | 5 [5, 6.8] | 6 [4.3, 7.5] | .746 |
| P, mg/dL | 5.4 [4.5, 6.7] | 5.7 [4.7, 6.6] | 5.5 [4.8, 6.6] | 5.1 [4.5, 6.3] | .661 |
| Adj. Ca, mg/dL | 9.0 [8.6, 9.3] | 8.8 [8.5, 9.1] | 9.1 [8.9, 9.3] | 9.0 [8.5, 9.3] | .023 |
| Ca×P | 49.5 [43.4, 62.5] | 49.5 [44.1, 62.6] | 50.9 [43.7, 61.7] | 48.0 [41.4, 56.1] | .437 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.41 [0.16, 2.01] | 0.32 [0.14, 2.39] | 0.44 [0.18, 2.02] | 0.30 [0.10, 0.85] | .666 |
| Hb, g/dL | 9.9 [8.8, 10.9] | 9.6 [8.8, 10.4] | 10.3 [8.8, 11.2] | 9.8 [8.7, 10.7] | .439 |
| Alb,g/dL | 3.1 [2.7, 3.5] | 3.1 [2.7, 3.5] | 3.1 [2.6, 3.5] | 3.1 [2.8, 3.6] | .652 |
| ALP, IU | 234 [179, 301] | 223 [187, 280] | 245 [181, 332] | 233 [177, 296] | .800 |
| iPTH, pg/mL | 251 [154, 381] | 238 [189, 369] | 213 [126, 351] | 264 [192, 387] | .634 |
| TC, mg/dL | 171 [146, 199] | 163 [136, 180] | 171 [141, 206] | 176 [165, 198] | .231 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 45 [35.5, 57] | 48 [38.5, 66] | 46 [35, 51] | 43 [36.5, 54.5] | .299 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 92 [72, 111] | 86 [70, 106] | 95 [70, 132] | 94 [78, 107] | .566 |
| Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (LDL-C ≥140 mg/dL), n (%) | 11 (12.0) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (11.1) | 4 (14.3) | .900 |
| TG, mg/dL | 113 [84, 153] | 118 [83, 147] | 102 [79, 143] | 113 [98, 157] | .488 |
| Cr, mg/dL | 7.54 [6.23, 9.73] | 8.10 [7.03, 9.83] | 7.15 [5.92, 8.15] | 7.88 [6.19, 10.51] | .288 |
| Fe, μg/dL | 51 [36, 69] | 51 [36, 54] | 52 [39, 71] | 55 [36, 69] | .509 |
| UPCR, g/g∙Cr | 4.77[2.17, 7.45] | 6.33 [3.52, 8.99] | 3.96 [2.48, 7.02] | 4.16 [1.83, 6.08] | .076 |
| Prescription | |||||
| Phosphate binder | 36 (36.0) | 10 (32.3) | 15 (39.5) | 11 (35.5) | .822 |
| Calcium carbonate, n (%) | 19 (19) | 7 (22.6) | 3 (7.9) | 9 (29.0) | 0.07 |
| Lanthanum, n (%) | 15 (15) | 5 (16.1) | 4 (7.9) | 7 (22.6) | .231 |
| Sucroferric oxyhydroxide, n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) | .325 |
| Ferric Citrate Hydrate, n (%) | 9 (9) | 4 (12.9) | 5 (13.2) | 0 (0) | .108 |
| Duration of Phosphate binder,(month) | 3 [2, 5.5] | 4 [2, 6] | 2 [2, 5.5] | 4 [2, 4.5] | .781 |
| MgO, n (%) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (9.7) | .032 |
| Duration of MgO, (month) | 2 [2, 10] | 0 | 0 | 2 [2, 10] | .033 |
| PPI/P-CAB, n (%) | 31(31) | 14 (45.2) | 13 (34.2) | 4(12.9) | .020 |
| Duration of PPI/P-CAB, (year) | 2 [1, 4] | 3 [2, 5] | 2 [1, 3.5] | 2 [1.5, 3] | .554 |
| *Vitamin D therapy (p.o.), n (%) | 37 (37) | 13 (41.9) | 14 (36.8) | 10 (32.3) | .732 |
| H2 blocker, n (%) | 1(1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | .439 |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 8(8) | 1 (4) | 4 (12.5) | 3 (10.3) | .533 |
| Anti-platelet drug, n (%) | 16(16) | 7 (22.6) | 7 (18.4) | 2 (6.5) | .195 |
| Diuretic, n(%) | 70(70) | 21 (67.7) | 30 (78.9) | 19 (61.3) | .267 |
| Statin, n(%) | 32(32) | 14 (45.2) | 9 (23.7) | 9 (31.0) | .163 |
| ESA, n (%) | 75 (75) | 21 (67.7) | 29 (76.3) | 25 (80.6) | .488 |
| Volume of AAC, cm 3 | 3.25 [1.62, 7.10] | 4.43 [2.98, 7.46] | 3.80 [2.01, 8.58] | 1.84 [0.47, 4.15] | < .001 |
| Relative Volume of AAC, (cm 3/ m2 BSA) | 2.24 [0.96, 4.60] | 3.55 [1.86, 4.78] | 2.59 [1.26, 5.60] | 1.15 [0.22, 2.49] | .001 |
*25OH vitamin D, alfacalcidol or eldecalcitol.
Data are presented as number (percent) or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimate glomerular filtration rate; P, phosphate; adj.Ca, adjusted calcium; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hb, hemoglobin; Alb, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; Cr, creatinine; Fe, ferritin; UPCR, urine protein to creatinine ratio; MgO, magnesium oxide; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; P-CAB, potassium-competitive acid blocker; H2, histamine-2 receptor; ESA, erythropoiesis stimulating agents; AAC, abdominal aortic calcification; BSA, body surface area.