Table 3. Multivariable^* logistic regression model for in-hospital outcomes of STEMI patients during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Outcome	Covid-19 era N = 424	Control period N = 417	Odds Ratio†	95% Confidence interval	P value
Combined in-hospital outcome‡	51 (12)	36 (8.6)	1.65	1.03–2.67	.04
Sustained ventricular arrhythmia	18 (4.2)	7 (1.7)	2.51	1.05–6.67	.05
Congestive heart failure	23 (5.4)	18 (4.3)	1.33	0.69–2.60	.40
Mechanical complications#	15 (3.5)	4 (1)	4.09	1.42–14.8	.02
High degree AVB	10 (2.4)	14 (3.4)	0.64	0.30–1.31	.23
Cardiogenic shock	27 (6.4)	23 (5.4)	1.31	0.72–2.4	.38
Cardiac arrest	20 (4.7)	13 (3.1)	2.11	1.00–4.65	.06
Atrial fibrillation	22 (5.2)	22 (5.3)	0.89	0.47–1.67	.71
Pericarditis	7 (1.6)	4 (1)	1.52	0.44–6.04	.53
Re-infarction	3 (0.7)	2 (0.5)	1.48	0.24–11.27	.67
Stroke	5 (1.2)	2 (0.5)	2.48	0.53–17.36	.29
Mechanical ventilation	30 (7.1)	29 (7.0)	1.28	0.73–2.24	.40
Major bleeding	3 (0.7)	8 (1.9)	0.45	0.09–1.68	.27
In-hospital mortality	18 (4.3)	14 (3.4)	1.73	0.81–3.78	.16

*The model is further adjusted for elderly patients (> 65 years), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, prior coronary artery disease and chronic renal failure.

^†Odds ratio to develop pre-defined outcome during the Covid-19 era using the 2018 period as a reference.

^‡Combined in-hospital outcome was defined as a composite of sustained ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary congestion, and/or in-hospital mortality.

^# Free-wall rupture, ventricular septal defect, moderate/severe mitral regurgitation.

AVB = atrio-ventricular block; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.