Table 3. Multivariable* logistic regression model for in-hospital outcomes of STEMI patients during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Outcome | Covid-19 era N = 424 | Control period N = 417 | Odds Ratio† | 95% Confidence interval | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combined in-hospital outcome‡ | 51 (12) | 36 (8.6) | 1.65 | 1.03–2.67 | .04 |
Sustained ventricular arrhythmia | 18 (4.2) | 7 (1.7) | 2.51 | 1.05–6.67 | .05 |
Congestive heart failure | 23 (5.4) | 18 (4.3) | 1.33 | 0.69–2.60 | .40 |
Mechanical complications# | 15 (3.5) | 4 (1) | 4.09 | 1.42–14.8 | .02 |
High degree AVB | 10 (2.4) | 14 (3.4) | 0.64 | 0.30–1.31 | .23 |
Cardiogenic shock | 27 (6.4) | 23 (5.4) | 1.31 | 0.72–2.4 | .38 |
Cardiac arrest | 20 (4.7) | 13 (3.1) | 2.11 | 1.00–4.65 | .06 |
Atrial fibrillation | 22 (5.2) | 22 (5.3) | 0.89 | 0.47–1.67 | .71 |
Pericarditis | 7 (1.6) | 4 (1) | 1.52 | 0.44–6.04 | .53 |
Re-infarction | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 1.48 | 0.24–11.27 | .67 |
Stroke | 5 (1.2) | 2 (0.5) | 2.48 | 0.53–17.36 | .29 |
Mechanical ventilation | 30 (7.1) | 29 (7.0) | 1.28 | 0.73–2.24 | .40 |
Major bleeding | 3 (0.7) | 8 (1.9) | 0.45 | 0.09–1.68 | .27 |
In-hospital mortality | 18 (4.3) | 14 (3.4) | 1.73 | 0.81–3.78 | .16 |
*The model is further adjusted for elderly patients (> 65 years), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, prior coronary artery disease and chronic renal failure.
†Odds ratio to develop pre-defined outcome during the Covid-19 era using the 2018 period as a reference.
‡Combined in-hospital outcome was defined as a composite of sustained ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary congestion, and/or in-hospital mortality.
# Free-wall rupture, ventricular septal defect, moderate/severe mitral regurgitation.
AVB = atrio-ventricular block; STEMI = ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.