Table 4. Characteristics of studies that compared muscle damage between eccentric and concentric actions of low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction.

Reference	Sujects (Age)	Variables	Training protocol			Intensity	Traininig volume		Interval	Pressure	CW (cm)	Results
			EX	MT	TS		Sets	Repetitions				CON+BFR (Time effect)	ECC+BFR (Time effect)	Condition effect
Umbel et al. (2009) [29] (Experiment 2)	8 men and 7 women (23±6 years)	MVC, DOMS, PPT, Edema.	KE KF	Uni	2s	35% of MVC	3	Muscle failure	90s	1.3 x bSBP	6	DOMS ↑ (24,48h post) PPT ↔ MVC ↓ (24h post) Edema ↑ (24h post)	DOMS ↑ (24,48h post) PPT ↔ MVC ↔ Edema ↑ (24h post)	DOMS was greater 24 and 48 after CON + BFR; PPT and edema were not different between conditions; MVC was lower 24, 48h after CON + BFR.
Thiebaud et al. (2013) [34]	10 men (23±2 years)	MVC, Edema, ROM, DOMS.	AE AF	Uni.	1.5	30% of 1RM	4	30x15x15x15	30s	120 mmHg	3	MVC ↓ (Post) DOMS ↔ ROM ↓ (Post) Edema ↑ (Post)	MVC ↓ (0h post) DOMS ↑ (24, 48h post) ROM ↓ (Post) Edema ↑ (Post)	MVC was lower immediately after CON + BFR; DOMS was greater 24, 48, 72h after ECC + BFR; Edema was greater immediately after CON + BFR. ROM was no different between conditions.
Hill et al. (2019) [41]	25 women (21±1 years)	DOMS, PPT, Edema, ROM, MVC	AF AE	Uni.	120° s-1	30% of MVC	4	30x15x15x15	30s	40% of AOP	3	DOMS ↔ PPT↔ ROM↔ MVC↔ Edema ↔	DOMS ↔ PPT↔ ROM↔ MVC↔ Edema ↔	There were no differences in any of the variables analyzed between the conditions.

EX = exercise; MT = mode of training; TS = training speed; CW = cuff width; BFR = blood flow restriction; ECC = eccentric; CON = concentric; MVC = maximum voluntary contraction; 1RM = 1 maximum repetition; KE = knee extension; KF = knee flexion; AF = arm flexion; AE = arm extension; bSBP = brachial systolic blood pressure; AOP = arterial occlusion pressure; mmHg = millimeters of mercury; DOMS = delayed onset muscle soreness; PPT = pain–pressure threshold; ROM = range of Motion.