Table 2.
Established antiviral activities of probiotics and bioactive peptides present in yogurt.
| Investigated probiotics and bioactive peptides | Antiviral activity against | Methodology | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bioactive peptides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii WS4 | SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1 | In silico | (Chourasia et al., 2020) |
| Bioactive peptides derived from beta-lactoglobulin | SARS-CoV-2 | In silico | (Çakır et al., 2021) |
| Bioactive peptides derived from Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium bifidum | Enterovirus 71 | In vitro | (Choi et al., 2010) |
| Lactobacillus reuteri Protectis | Coxsackievirus A, Enterovirus 71 | In vitro | (Ang et al., 2016) |
| Probiotic metabolites of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Rotavirus | In vitro | (Olaya Galán et al., 2016) |
| P18 peptide of Bacillus subtilis | Influenza virus | In vitro and in vivo (mice) | (Starosila et al., 2017) |
| Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 | Respiratory sentential virus | In vivo (mice) | (Eguchi et al., 2019) |
SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MERS-CoV, Middle-East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus; HCoV-HKU1, human coronavirus HKU1.