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. 2021 May 5;11(6):e02164. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2164

TABLE 1.

Demographics

n a Total n = 167 Preop symptoms of depression Preop symptoms of anxiety
Yes (n = 16) No (n = 151) p‐val b Yes (n = 36) No (n = 131) p‐val c
Age (years) 167 70 [67,74] 68 [66,74.5] 70 [67,74] 0.347 70 [66,73.5] 70 [67,75] 0.280
Education (years) 167 16 [13,18] 14 [12,16] 16 [13,19] 0.014 15.5 [12.5,18] 16 [13,19] 0.507
Race 166 <0.001 0.337
Black 29 (17.5) 1 (6.3) 28 (18.7) 5 (14.3) 24 (18.3)
White Hispanic 12 (7.2) 6 (37.5) 6 (4) 5 (14.3) 7 (5.3)
White non‐Hispanic 124 (74.7) 9 (56.3) 115 (76.7) 25 (71.4) 99 (75.6)
Asian 1 (0.6) 0 1 (0.7) 0 1 (0.8)
Gender 167 0.922 0.231
Male 75 (44.9) 7 (43.7) 68 (45.0) 13 (36.1) 62 (47.3)
Female 92 (55.1) 9 (56.3) 83 (55.0) 23 (63.9) 69 (52.7)
Pain score 167 38.1[11.9,66.6] 69.0[44.0,82.1] 35.7 [7.1, 61.9] 0.002 55.9 [34.5,76.2] 33.3[7.1,61.9] 0.003
Frail 167 31 (18.6) 9 (56.3) 22 (14.6) <0.001 11 (30.6) 20 (15.3) 0.037
Not frail 136 (81.4) 7 (43.7) 129 (85.4) 25 (69.4) 111 (84.7)
ASA status 167 0.822 0.880
II 57 (34.1) 5 (31.3) 52 (34.4) 11 (30.6) 46 (35.1)
III 104 (62.3) 10 (62.5) 94 (62.3) 24 (66.7) 80 (61.1)
IV 6 (3.6) 1 (6.3) 5 (3.3) 1 (2.8) 5 (3.8)
Surgery type 167 0.090 0.040
Spine 71 (42.5) 9 (56.3) 62 (41.1) 21 (58.3) 50 (38.2)
Thoracic 19 (11.4) 4 (25) 15 (9.9) 6 (16.7) 13 (9.9)
Urologic 28 (16.8) 1 (6.3) 27 (17.9) 3 (8.3) 25 (19.1)
General 49 (29.3) 2 (12.5) 47 (31.1) 6 (16.7) 43 (32.8)
Baseline z‐score 167 0.06 [−0.3, 0.4] 0.02 [−0.4, 0.2] 0.06 [−0.3, 0.5] 0.321 0.02 [−0.3, 0.2] 0.06 [−0.3, 0.5] 0.798
MMSE 167 29 [28,30] 28 [27,29.5] 29 [28,30] 0.118 29 [27,30] 29 [28,30] 0.883
History Depression 167 23 (13.8) 6 (37.5) 17 (11.3) 0.011 9 (25) 14 (10.7) 0.052
No depression 144 (86.2) 10 (62.5) 134 (88.7) 27 (75) 117 (89.3)
History of Anxiety 167 31 (18.6) 7 (43.7) 24 (15.9) 0.013 16 (44.4) 15 (11.5) <0.001
No anxiety 136 (81.4) 9 (56.3) 127 (84.1) 20 (55.6) 116 (88.5)
Sleep duration 166 8.0 [7,8.5] 8.1 [5.5,8.8] 7.8 [7,8.5] 0.856 7.5 [6.0,8.5] 8 [7,8.8] 0.297
Sleep latency >30 min 167 61 (36.5) 7 (43.7) 54 (35.8) 0.528 20 (55.6) 41 (31.3) 0.007
Sleep latency <30 min 106 (63.5) 9 (56.3) 97 (64.2) 16 (44.4) 90 (68.7)
Preoperative medication
Sleep med 167 13 (7.8) 1 (6.3) 12 (8.0) 1.000 4 (11.1) 9 (6.9) 0.481
Benzodiazepines 167 28 (16.8) 5 (31.3) 23 (15.2) 0.150 10 (27.8) 18 (13.7) 0.046
Antidepressants 167 39 (23.4) 7 (43.8) 32 (21.2) 0.060 13 (36.1) 26 (19.9) 0.041
Preop opioid 167 20 (12.0) 4 (25) 16 (10.6) 0.105 9 (25) 11 (8.4) 0.016
Polypharmacy 167 73 (43.7) 9 (56.3) 64 (42.4) 0.288 19 (52.8) 54 (41.2) 0.216
a

The number of patients with available data.

b

For both comparisons between preoperative symptoms of depression Yes versus No, Chi‐square test was used for gender (with df=1), ASA status (2), polypharmacy (1), Fisher's exact test was used for race, frail, surgery category, history of depression, history of anxiety, sleep med, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, baseline opioid, and Mann–Whitney U test with df = 165 was used for continuous variables, as appropriate.

c

For both comparisons between preoperative symptoms of Anxiety Yes versus no, Chi‐square test was used for gender (df = 1), frail (1), surgery category (3), benzodiazepines (1), antidepressants (1), polypharmacy (1), Fisher's exact test was used for race, ASA status, history of depression, history of anxiety, sleep med, baseline opioid, and Wilcoxon rank sum test with df = 165 was used for continuous variables, as appropriate.