TABLE 1.
n a | Total n = 167 | Preop symptoms of depression | Preop symptoms of anxiety | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 16) | No (n = 151) | p‐val b | Yes (n = 36) | No (n = 131) | p‐val c | |||
Age (years) | 167 | 70 [67,74] | 68 [66,74.5] | 70 [67,74] | 0.347 | 70 [66,73.5] | 70 [67,75] | 0.280 |
Education (years) | 167 | 16 [13,18] | 14 [12,16] | 16 [13,19] | 0.014 | 15.5 [12.5,18] | 16 [13,19] | 0.507 |
Race | 166 | <0.001 | 0.337 | |||||
Black | 29 (17.5) | 1 (6.3) | 28 (18.7) | 5 (14.3) | 24 (18.3) | |||
White Hispanic | 12 (7.2) | 6 (37.5) | 6 (4) | 5 (14.3) | 7 (5.3) | |||
White non‐Hispanic | 124 (74.7) | 9 (56.3) | 115 (76.7) | 25 (71.4) | 99 (75.6) | |||
Asian | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | |||
Gender | 167 | 0.922 | 0.231 | |||||
Male | 75 (44.9) | 7 (43.7) | 68 (45.0) | 13 (36.1) | 62 (47.3) | |||
Female | 92 (55.1) | 9 (56.3) | 83 (55.0) | 23 (63.9) | 69 (52.7) | |||
Pain score | 167 | 38.1[11.9,66.6] | 69.0[44.0,82.1] | 35.7 [7.1, 61.9] | 0.002 | 55.9 [34.5,76.2] | 33.3[7.1,61.9] | 0.003 |
Frail | 167 | 31 (18.6) | 9 (56.3) | 22 (14.6) | <0.001 | 11 (30.6) | 20 (15.3) | 0.037 |
Not frail | 136 (81.4) | 7 (43.7) | 129 (85.4) | 25 (69.4) | 111 (84.7) | |||
ASA status | 167 | 0.822 | 0.880 | |||||
II | 57 (34.1) | 5 (31.3) | 52 (34.4) | 11 (30.6) | 46 (35.1) | |||
III | 104 (62.3) | 10 (62.5) | 94 (62.3) | 24 (66.7) | 80 (61.1) | |||
IV | 6 (3.6) | 1 (6.3) | 5 (3.3) | 1 (2.8) | 5 (3.8) | |||
Surgery type | 167 | 0.090 | 0.040 | |||||
Spine | 71 (42.5) | 9 (56.3) | 62 (41.1) | 21 (58.3) | 50 (38.2) | |||
Thoracic | 19 (11.4) | 4 (25) | 15 (9.9) | 6 (16.7) | 13 (9.9) | |||
Urologic | 28 (16.8) | 1 (6.3) | 27 (17.9) | 3 (8.3) | 25 (19.1) | |||
General | 49 (29.3) | 2 (12.5) | 47 (31.1) | 6 (16.7) | 43 (32.8) | |||
Baseline z‐score | 167 | 0.06 [−0.3, 0.4] | 0.02 [−0.4, 0.2] | 0.06 [−0.3, 0.5] | 0.321 | 0.02 [−0.3, 0.2] | 0.06 [−0.3, 0.5] | 0.798 |
MMSE | 167 | 29 [28,30] | 28 [27,29.5] | 29 [28,30] | 0.118 | 29 [27,30] | 29 [28,30] | 0.883 |
History Depression | 167 | 23 (13.8) | 6 (37.5) | 17 (11.3) | 0.011 | 9 (25) | 14 (10.7) | 0.052 |
No depression | 144 (86.2) | 10 (62.5) | 134 (88.7) | 27 (75) | 117 (89.3) | |||
History of Anxiety | 167 | 31 (18.6) | 7 (43.7) | 24 (15.9) | 0.013 | 16 (44.4) | 15 (11.5) | <0.001 |
No anxiety | 136 (81.4) | 9 (56.3) | 127 (84.1) | 20 (55.6) | 116 (88.5) | |||
Sleep duration | 166 | 8.0 [7,8.5] | 8.1 [5.5,8.8] | 7.8 [7,8.5] | 0.856 | 7.5 [6.0,8.5] | 8 [7,8.8] | 0.297 |
Sleep latency >30 min | 167 | 61 (36.5) | 7 (43.7) | 54 (35.8) | 0.528 | 20 (55.6) | 41 (31.3) | 0.007 |
Sleep latency <30 min | 106 (63.5) | 9 (56.3) | 97 (64.2) | 16 (44.4) | 90 (68.7) | |||
Preoperative medication | ||||||||
Sleep med | 167 | 13 (7.8) | 1 (6.3) | 12 (8.0) | 1.000 | 4 (11.1) | 9 (6.9) | 0.481 |
Benzodiazepines | 167 | 28 (16.8) | 5 (31.3) | 23 (15.2) | 0.150 | 10 (27.8) | 18 (13.7) | 0.046 |
Antidepressants | 167 | 39 (23.4) | 7 (43.8) | 32 (21.2) | 0.060 | 13 (36.1) | 26 (19.9) | 0.041 |
Preop opioid | 167 | 20 (12.0) | 4 (25) | 16 (10.6) | 0.105 | 9 (25) | 11 (8.4) | 0.016 |
Polypharmacy | 167 | 73 (43.7) | 9 (56.3) | 64 (42.4) | 0.288 | 19 (52.8) | 54 (41.2) | 0.216 |
The number of patients with available data.
For both comparisons between preoperative symptoms of depression Yes versus No, Chi‐square test was used for gender (with df=1), ASA status (2), polypharmacy (1), Fisher's exact test was used for race, frail, surgery category, history of depression, history of anxiety, sleep med, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, baseline opioid, and Mann–Whitney U test with df = 165 was used for continuous variables, as appropriate.
For both comparisons between preoperative symptoms of Anxiety Yes versus no, Chi‐square test was used for gender (df = 1), frail (1), surgery category (3), benzodiazepines (1), antidepressants (1), polypharmacy (1), Fisher's exact test was used for race, ASA status, history of depression, history of anxiety, sleep med, baseline opioid, and Wilcoxon rank sum test with df = 165 was used for continuous variables, as appropriate.