Table 2.
Associations between biomarkers (total homocysteine, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and oxidative stress markers) and physical activity levels in older adults (n = 106).
| Variables | Physical activity levels‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bHigh | bModerate | Poor | pa | |
| N (%) | 40 (37.7) | 37 (34.9) | 29 (27.4) | |
| tHcy (μmol/l) | 4.5 ± 0.3*,† | 7.3 ± 0.3* | 9.1 ± 0.3 | 0.000 |
| α-tocopherol (mg/L) | 9.1 ± 0.3*,† | 6.3 ± 0.3* | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 0.000 |
| γ-tocopherol (mg/L) | 1.2 ± 0.1* | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.010 |
| TAC (nmol /μL) | 20.4 ± 0.5*,† | 9.8 ± 0.5* | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 0.000 |
| NO (µmol/L) | 6.6 ± 0.2*,† | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 0.000 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SE (adjusted scores).
TAC, total antioxidant capacity (nmol/μL); tHcy, total homocysteine levels (μmol/L); NO, nitric oxide.
*Significant difference between high or moderate and poor activity levels.
†Significant difference between high and moderate activity levels
‡Age, sex, Educational level, and sex were used as a covariate.
aAnalysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
bAdjustment for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni).