Table 2.
Postdiagnostic BCAA intake and mortality among colorectal cancer patients a
| Quartile category 1 | Quartile category 2 | Quartile category 3 | Quartile category 4 | Per SD g/day | P-trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer specific mortality (n=206) | ||||||
| Total BCAA, medianb, g/day | ||||||
| No. of events | 52 | 42 | 48 | 64 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.79 (0.52–1.20) | 0.92 (0.62–1.37) | 1.10 (0.75–1.61) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 0.52 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.82 (0.53–1.26) | 0.94 (0.61–1.46) | 1.18 (0.75–1.85) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 0.46 |
| Valine, medianb, g/day | ||||||
| No. of events | 54 | 38 | 51 | 63 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.69 (0.45–1.05) | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 1.10 (0.75–1.60) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 0.42 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.73 (0.47–1.13) | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 1.21 (0.77–1.91) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 0.34 |
| leucine, medianb, g/day | ||||||
| No. of events | 52 | 44 | 48 | 62 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.80 (0.53–1.21) | 0.89 (0.60–1.34) | 1.10 (0.75–1.62) | 1.04 (0.91–1.20) | 0.55 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.83 (0.54–1.28) | 0.93 (0.60–1.45) | 1.17 (0.75–1.84) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 0.47 |
| Isoleucine, medianb, g/day | ||||||
| No. of events | 51 | 44 | 47 | 64 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.87 (0.58–1.32) | 0.89 (0.59–1.34) | 1.11 (0.76–1.64) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 0.59 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.84 (0.55–1.29) | 0.86 (0.55–1.33) | 1.13 (0.72–1.77) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 0.63 |
|
| ||||||
| All-cause mortality (n=647) | ||||||
| Total BCAA | ||||||
| No. of events | 159 | 149 | 152 | 187 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) | 0.07 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.00 (0.79–1.28) | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) | 1.30 (1.01–1.69) | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 0.04 |
| Valine | ||||||
| No. of events | 161 | 146 | 153 | 187 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) | 0.04 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 1.07 (0.84–1.38) | 1.33 (1.03–1.73) | 1.12 (1.02–1.24) | 0.02 |
| leucine | ||||||
| No. of events | 162 | 150 | 153 | 182 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) | 0.07 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.00 (0.78–1.27) | 1.07 (0.83–1.38) | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 0.05 |
| Isoleucine | ||||||
| No. of events | 156 | 144 | 156 | 191 | ||
| Model 1 c HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | 1.03 (0.81–1.29) | 1.19 (0.96–1.49) | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) | 0.07 |
| Model 2 d HR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) | 1.03 (0.80–1.33) | 1.25 (0.96–1.61) | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 0.06 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
The medians for quartile category 1 were 9.83 g/day for total BCAA, 2.92 g/day for valine, 4.38 g/day for leucine and 2.53 g/day for isoleucine.
The medians for quartile category 2 were 11.61 g/day for total BCAA, 3.43 g/day for valine, 5.15 g/day for leucine and 3.01 g/day for isoleucine.
The medians for quartile category 3 were 13.11 g/day for total BCAA, 3.88 g/day for valine, 5.84 g/day for leucine and 3.42 g/day for isoleucine.
The medians for quartile category 4 were 16.14 g/day for total BCAA, 4.72 g/day for valine, 7.16 g/day for leucine and 4.25 g/day for isoleucine.
Postdiagnostic intake at least 6 months but no more than 4 years after diagnosis to avoid potential impact of active treatment.
Medians of each quartile categories of postdiagnostic BCAA intake for all colorectal cancer patients.
Cox model stratified by age at diagnosis (<55, 55 to 59, 60 to 64, 65 to 69, 70 to 74, and ≥75 years), cancer stage (I, II, III, and unspecified) and study (NHS and HPFS).
Model 1 + tumor characteristics (tumor stage, grade, and subsite), year of diagnoses (continuous), prediagnostic BCAA intake (in quartiles), postdiagnostic BMI (<23, 23 to 24.9, 25 to 27.4, 27.5 to 29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), postdiagnostic physical activity (<3, 3 to 8.9, 9 to 11.9, 12 to 17.9, ≥18 METS-hours/week), postdiagnostic regular use of aspirin (yes or no), and postdiagnostic smoking (0, 1 to 9, 10 to 19, 20 to 40, ≥40 pack years), postdiagnostic alcohol consumption (<5, 5 to 14.9, ≥15 g/d), AHEI score without alcohol (in quartile).