TABLE 1.

Comparison of the neuroprotective effects of FTY720 in different methods of ischemic stroke in experimental and clinical studies

Author, year	Stroke models	Different animal species	Different doses of FTY720	Method of administration	Results	Reference
Brait VH, 2016	45 min MCAO and reperfusion	Mice	1 mg/kg	Intraperitoneal (i.p.)	FTY720 reduced infarct volume	Brait et al. (2016)
Salas‐Perdomo, 2019	45 min MCAO and reperfusion	Mice	1 mg/kg	i.p.	Fingolimod attenuated the extent of bleeding and improved the neurological score	Salas‐Perdomo et al. (2019)
Nazari M, 2016	60 min MCAO and reperfusion	Male Sprague‐Dawley rats	0.5 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 improved the infarct volume and memory performance	Nazari et al. (2016)
Czech B, 2009	90 min MCAO and reperfusion	C57Bl/6 mice	1 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 reduced lesion size and improved neurological function	Czech et al. (2009)
Wacker BK, 2009	60 min tMCAO and 24 hr of reperfusion	Adult male Swiss‐Webster ND4 mice	0.24 or 1 mg/kg	i.p	FTY720 dose‐dependently decreased infarct size and neurological deficit	Wacker et al. (2009)
Wei Y, 2011	90 min tMCAO and reperfusion/ Permanent MCAO	Rat/ C57BL/6 male mice	0.5 or 1 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 reduced infarct size and neurological deficit	Wei et al. (2011)
Hasegawa Y, 2013	120 min tMCAO and reperfusion	Sprague‐Dawley rats	0.25 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 improved infarction size and neurological function	Hasegawa et al. (2013)
Hasegawa Y, 2010	120 min tMCAO and reperfusion	Sprague‐Dawley rats	0.25, 1 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological score	Hasegawa et al. (2010)
Kraft P, 2013	60 or 90 min tMCAO and reperfusion	C57Bl/6 mice	1 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 significantly reduced stroke size and improved functional outcome	Kraft et al. (2013)
Moon E, 2015	60 or 90 min tMCAO and reperfusion	ICR male mice	3 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 reduced ischemic brain damage	Moon et al. (2015)
Pfeilschifter,W, 2011	120 min tMCAO and reperfusion	C57Bl/6 mice	1 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 was effective in improvement of brain injury	Pfeilschifter et al. (2011)
Shichita, 2009	60 min MCAO and reperfusion	C57/BL/6 male mice	1 mg/kg	Intravenous (i.v.)	FTY720 reduced I/R‐induced brain damage reduced infarct volume	Shichita et al. (2009)
Liesz A, 2011	60 min Permanent MCAO	C57BL/6 male mice	1 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 did not reduce infarct volumes and improve behavioral dysfunction	Liesz et al. (2011)
Qin Ch, 2017	Hypoperfusion‐induced White matter ischemic injury	C57Bl/6 mice	0.3 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 has neuroprotective effect in acute ischemic stroke	Qin et al. (2017)
Campos F, 2013	80 min thromboembolic occlusion and reperfusion	C57BL/6 male mice	0.5 mg/kg	i.p.	Fingolimod attenuated the neurological deficit and infarct volume	Campos et al. (2013)
Brunkhorst R,2013	15 min photothrombosis	C57BL/6 male mice	1 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 has a positive impact on long‐term functional outcome	Brunkhorst et al. (2013)
Li X,2017	20 min thromboembolic occlusion	C57/BL/6 male mice	0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720, attenuated cerebral infarction, neuronal apoptosis, and improved neurological deficits	Li et al. (2017)
Shang K, 2020	15 min thromboembolic occlusion	C57/BL/6 male mice	0.3 mg/kg	i.p.	FTY720 reduced neuronal loss and improved motor function	Shang et al. (2020)
Yang D, 2014	90 min hypoxic–ischemic (HI)	Wistar rat pups	0.3 or 1 μg/g,	i.p.	FTY720 prevent inflammation‐sensitized hypoxic–ischemic brain injury in newborns	Yang et al. (2014)
Fu Y, 2014	Patients with acute ischemic stroke		0.5 mg/day	Orally for 3 consecutive days	FTY720 decreased lesion size, microvascular permeability and attenuated neurological deficits	Fu et al. (2014)
Zhu Z, 2015	Patients with acute ischemic stroke		0.5 mg/day	Orally for 3 consecutive days	FTY720 plus alteplase reduced infarction size, hemorrhage volume and improved clinical outcomes	Zhu et al., (2015)