Fig. 5.

Conceptual model for identifying modifiable societal behaviours that influence adverse health and natural systems impacts of urbanization. Urbanization leads to air pollution that is influenced by commuting patterns of residents. Public health scientists and urban planners can study different types of transport, and effects of incentivizing use of public transport and cycling/walking, which lead to better human health through higher physical activity and lower obesity. Reducing reliance on driving also leads to better natural systems health through lower emissions.