Table 3. The effect of CDSS on medication errors .

References	CDSS focus ( study objective)	Effect measures	Main findings
(79)	Assessing the effect of different interventions on reduction of medication errors in critical care units	Reduction of medication errors	Clinical decision making (SSCD) support system decreased medication errors by 67%. However, there is not much evidence to suggest that such systems can reduce medication errors.
(80)	Assessing the effect of different interventions on reduction of medication errors in NICUs	Reduction of medication errors	CPOE with a decision support system, medication errors, and ISs may decrease medication errors
(22)	Evaluating the effects of Decision Support System (DSS) in the health care	improving the care quality and patient safety, including elimination/reduction of medication and clinical errors, increasing the economic efficiency, and increase the knowledge of staffs	Decision-making support system (DSS) increased compliance with standard care and medication guidelines and also helps healthcare professionals to eliminate/reduce medication and clinical errors. It also increased economic efficiency and consequently increased the quality of care.
(27)	Assessing the effect of different interventions on reduction of medicine errors in children's wards	Reduction of medication errors	Medication errors in pediatric wards will be reduced if correct and standard definitions are to be used, and also assessing economic efficiency would also help to achieve desired outcomes
(71)	Evaluating the risk of medication error and ADE by CPOE.	Decrease in medicine error and ADE risk	A computerized prescription system is an effective tool that can eliminate/reduce medication errors and ADEs in clinical settings
(74)	Assessing the advantages and barriers to the implementation of the CPOE system in clinical settings, and also assessing the effects of the system in ADEs and medication errors	Decrease in medical errors and ADEs,	The combination of CPOE and CDSS systems can potentially eliminate/reduce medication errors and ADEs. The unwillingness of healthcare professionals and the high implementation costs are among the barriers
(84)	Assessing the effect of CPOE on patient safety	CPOE system has a better effect on medication errors and ADEs when is used concurrently with CDSS resulting in increased patient safety	Significant reduction in medication errors and ADEs were not seen when a CPOE system alone was implemented; however, the combination of CPOE and CDSS had a greater impact on medication errors’ reduction and increased patient safety
(82)	Evaluating the health information technology impacts on quality, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of care	Information technology increased the adherence to care based on guidelines, improved monitoring/surveillance, and reduced medicine errors.	The majority of research has been conducted on CDS and electronic health record systems. Several interventions influenced the quality of care, such as increasing adherence to care based on guidelines, improving monitoring/surveillance, and reducing medicine errors
(85)	Studying the features of electronic Patient Medication Record (ePMR), including alerts and patient safety measures during the prescribed time at the pharmacy	Patient Medication Record (ePMR) was effective in alerting staffs about clinical risks	The features of the electronic Patient Medication Record (ePMR), including alerts and patient safety measures, were effective in alerting staff about clinical risks during the prescribed time. There were also some problems, including false alerts and performance inconsistencies. More study is needed on this subject in different countries and settings.