Table 6. The effect of CDSS on Medication usage .

References	CDSS focus (study objective)	Effect measures	Main findings
(94)	Evaluating effective interventions in reducing medication- problems and enhancing the suitable application of polypharmacy in the elderly.	Substantial decrease in medication errors and ADEs.	Interventions for improving suitable polypharmacy, like pharmaceutical care, led to clinically significant improvement are yet to be proved; however, the interventions are believed to reduce inappropriate prescribing and medication errors
(95)	Exploring interventions to enhance medicine use in controlled care organizations (MCOs). Specifically in the US managed care setting.	Decreased antibiotic prescribing. Enhanced recommended laboratory drug monitoring. Increased overall medication use. A substantial rise in anti-depressant adherence	Many studies indicate the changing of drug use in the US managed care setting. Computerized alerts can improve short-term outcomes. Few well-designed studies are yet to test their effect on patient outcomes.
(96)	Examining the interventions’ efficiency to decrease low-value treatment.	Reduction in inappropriate prescription acid-suppressive medications.	The studies on decision support targeting drug use were most common. The most significant influence on low-value treatment is multidimensional interventions that consider both patient and provider functions in medication overuse. Although there are comparatively high data on the effectiveness of clinical decision support, it requires more investigation and development.
(97)	Assessing interventions’ impacts in order to assist consumers in using medications safely and efficiently.	Improvements in medicines use and adherence. Reduction in adverse events and improved clinical outcomes.	The most-reported outcome was adherence to the medication regimen. The results of this overview can be used by decision-makers in implementing interventions for improving medication use by consumers to realize the best ones for enhancing particular outcomes.
(98)	Summarizing effective interventions in reducing medication- problems and enhancing the suitable use of polypharmacy in the elderly	Decreased inappropriate poly-pharmacy. Enhanced adherence to medication.	Interventions for improving suitable polypharmacy, like pharmaceutical care leading to significant improvement clinically, are still to be demonstrated. They seem, however, useful in decreasing unsuitable prescriptions.
(99)	Evaluating the systematic reviews on enhancing the suitable use of polypharmacy in the elderly	Decreased inappropriate prescribing	Cochrane reviews summarized in this article emphasize the lack of intervention research on enhancing the proper polypharmacy use in old patients. Generally, the interventions mentioned in the review revealed benefits in this regard on the basis of a perceived reduction in unsuitable prescriptions. Nevertheless, if the interventions may result in significant clinical improvements concerning hospital admissions, medication-associated issues, and life quality of patients are yet to be established. Guidance associated with intervention enhancement, assessment, and report would assist in further future research.