Table 2.
Likelihood of stay-at-home order implementation — main trust variable
| Likelihood of implementing a stay-at-home order | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Panel A: Trust variables | |||||
| Trust people | –0.054 | –0.079 | –0.045 | –0.043 | –0.054 |
| (0.094) | (0.094) | (0.098) | (0.097) | (0.096) | |
| Religious | –0.080** | –0.093** | –0.095** | –0.100*** | –0.077** |
| (0.038) | (0.037) | (0.038) | (0.038) | (0.037) | |
| Neighborhood fear | 0.158* | 0.138 | 0.081 | 0.081 | 0.056 |
| (0.094) | (0.094) | (0.099) | (0.100) | (0.099) | |
| Democrats | –0.066 | –0.080 | –0.104 | –0.114 | –0.118 |
| (0.080) | (0.080) | (0.081) | (0.081) | (0.080) | |
| Independent | –0.029 | –0.037 | –0.044 | –0.047 | –0.039 |
| (0.083) | (0.082) | (0.082) | (0.082) | (0.080) | |
| Panel B: Geographic variables | |||||
| With airport | 0.059** | -0.003 | -0.008 | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| (0.028) | (0.032) | (0.032) | (0.032) | (0.032) | |
| Coastal county | 0.065*** | 0.040* | 0.036 | 0.039* | 0.022 |
| (0.021) | (0.023) | (0.024) | (0.024) | (0.024) | |
| Capital county | –0.111** | –0.140*** | –0.145*** | –0.148*** | –0.131*** |
| (0.048) | (0.048) | (0.048) | (0.047) | (0.047) | |
| Panel C: Demographic variables | |||||
| Population | 0.048*** | 0.050*** | 0.050*** | 0.049*** | |
| (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | ||
| Population density | –0.012 | –0.028 | –0.048* | –0.069** | |
| (per 10K) | (0.024) | (0.026) | (0.029) | (0.029) | |
| Urban share | –0.056 | –0.049 | –0.036 | –0.028 | |
| (0.075) | (0.077) | (0.077) | (0.076) | ||
| Elderly share | –0.212 | –0.238 | –0.212 | –0.214 | |
| (0.275) | (0.281) | (0.280) | (0.275) | ||
| Male share | 0.368 | 0.483 | 0.468 | 0.158 | |
| (0.493) | (0.504) | (0.501) | (0.499) | ||
| Panel D: Economic variables | |||||
| Per capita income | 0.116 | 0.105 | 0.096 | ||
| (0.106) | (0.106) | (0.106) | |||
| Share below poverty | 0.588* | 0.625* | 0.578* | ||
| (0.346) | (0.347) | (0.345) | |||
| Share above college | –0.162 | –0.146 | –0.243 | ||
| (0.193) | (0.192) | (0.190) | |||
| Panel E: Epidemiological variables | |||||
| Cases per population | 0.011 | 0.018** | |||
| (per 10K) | (0.008) | (0.008) | |||
| Panel F: Political variables | |||||
| Democrat governor | 0.086*** | ||||
| (0.021) | |||||
| Observations | 434 | 432 | 432 | 432 | 431 |
| R-squared | 0.071 | 0.115 | 0.122 | 0.137 | 0.169 |
The dependent variable is a dummy that takes the value of one if a county implemented a stay-at-home order and zero otherwise. A total of 20 counties (in our GSS sample) did not implement a stay-at-home order. Coefficients in all columns are derived from ordinary least squares regressions. In column 1, we include a set of demographic variables. We sequentially add our sets of economic, epidemiological, and political variables in columns 2–5. Panel E includes COVID-19 cases per 10,000 one day prior order implementation. For counties that did not implement a stay-at-home order, we proxy this variable by the average number of cases (one day prior implementation) of other counties Robust standard errors in parentheses: *** p< 0.01; ** p< 0.05; * p< 0.1