Table 7.

Stay-at-home policies, social distancing, and trust — heterogeneous effect — within 30 days of order

	Non-essential visits
	Poverty		Urbanism		Education
	Below	Above	Rural	Urban	Below	Above
	median	median			median	median
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
After order	–0.181***	–0.240***	–0.189*	–0.239***	0.006	–0.215***
	(0.040)	(0.064)	(0.111)	(0.040)	(0.072)	(0.039)
After order	–0.113**	–0.309***	–0.168	–0.158***	–0.129	–0.109***
× Trust	(0.049)	(0.078)	(0.106)	(0.041)	(0.090)	(0.039)
After order	–0.026	0.013	0.021	0.006	–0.046	0.017
× Religion	(0.019)	(0.025)	(0.033)	(0.016)	(0.029)	(0.016)
After order	–0.084*	–0.050	0.002	–0.013	–0.104	–0.063
× Fear	(0.045)	(0.073)	(0.072)	(0.044)	(0.070)	(0.040)
After order	–0.158***	–0.139**	0.064	–0.147***	0.011	–0.180***
× Democrats	(0.034)	(0.066)	(0.154)	(0.032)	(0.095)	(0.029)
Observations	13,783	9673	3630	19,826	5040	18,416
R-squared	0.622	0.620	0.500	0.631	0.561	0.626

The dependent variable is our index for non-essential visits. The sample is restricted to within 30 days (before and after) of the implementation of a stay-at-home order unless the order in a specific state ends before 30 days. All specifications include day and county fixed effects and a variable for the daily COVID-19-related death rates at the county level. We also control for other implemented policies interacted with the After order dummy: making masks mandatory (county level), school closures, business closure, cancellation of public events, gathering restrictions, closure of public transportation, and international travel control (state level). Columns have restricted subsamples: (1) below and (2) above median poverty; (3) rural (4) urban counties; (5) below and (6) above median education (college or more) Standard errors clustered at the county level. *** p< 0.01; ** p< 0.05; * p< 0.1