Table 6.
Treatment effects of each contract characteristic [T3-T2-T1-C].
| OLS |
OLS |
ANCOVA |
ANCOVA |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Panel A: rice area (ha) | ||||
| Treatment effect of T1 | 0.247∗∗∗ (0.068) |
0.228∗∗∗ (0.068) |
0.247∗∗∗ (0.069) |
0.228∗∗∗ (0.069) |
| Treatment effect of T2 | 0.134∗∗∗ (0.048) |
0.115∗∗ (0.050) |
0.133∗∗∗ (0.048) |
0.114∗∗ (0.051) |
| Treatment effect of T3 | 0.268∗∗∗ (0.064) |
0.251∗∗∗ (0.066) |
0.268∗∗∗ (0.064) |
0.251∗∗∗ (0.067) |
| Mean dependent variable in control | 0.772 | |||
| Observations | 855 | 855 | 855 | 855 |
| R-squared | 0.079 | 0.085 | 0.080 | 0.085 |
| Arrondissement FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Household covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Panel B: yield (kg/ha) | ||||
| Treatment effect of T1 | 520.4∗∗∗ (127.6) |
518.8∗∗∗ (147.6) |
508.9∗∗∗ (128.3) |
506.6∗∗∗ (147.6) |
| Treatment effect of T2 | 424.9∗∗∗ (102.3) |
453.5∗∗∗ (109.4) |
418.8∗∗∗ (102.2) |
447.6∗∗∗ (109.2) |
| Treatment effect of T3 | 502.8∗∗∗ (111.3) |
506.5∗∗∗ (119.6) |
494.5∗∗∗ (110.3) |
497.8∗∗∗ (117.9) |
| Mean dependent variable in control | 1652 | |||
| Observations | 855 | 855 | 855 | 855 |
| R-squared | 0.088 | 0.096 | 0.090 | 0.098 |
| Arrondissement FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Household covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Panel C: market participation (%) | ||||
| Treatment effect of T1 | 22.11∗∗∗ (2.748) |
23.87∗∗∗ (2.530) |
22.12∗∗∗ (2.739) |
23.89∗∗∗ (2.509) |
| Treatment effect of T2 | 31.43∗∗∗ (2.294) |
32.28∗∗∗ (2.184) |
31.43∗∗∗ (2.298) |
32.29∗∗∗ (2.185) |
| Treatment effect of T3 | 39.05∗∗∗ (2.364) |
40.76∗∗∗ (2.128) |
39.05∗∗∗ (2.365) |
40.77∗∗∗ (2.121) |
| Mean dependent variable in control | 24.96 | |||
| Observations | 855 | 855 | 855 | 855 |
| R-squared | 0.530 | 0.542 | 0.530 | 0.542 |
| Arrondissement FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Household covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Panel D: income per capita (US$) | ||||
| Treatment effect of T1 | 128.6∗ (69.98) |
92.63 (72.76) |
146.4∗∗ (69.61) |
105.3 (71.87) |
| Treatment effect of T2 | 79.69 (73.42) |
90.49 (74.70) |
123.4 (75.62) |
109.2 (74.83) |
| Treatment effect of T3 | 170.7∗∗ (68.78) |
166.3∗∗ (68.63) |
210.0∗∗∗ (67.24) |
186.9∗∗∗ (67.51) |
| Mean dependent variable in control | 265.3 | |||
| Observations | 855 | 855 | 855 | 855 |
| R-squared | 0.097 | 0.291 | 0.175 | 0.314 |
| Arrondissement FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Household covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Note: For simplicity, coefficient estimates are only reported for the treatment effect. Covariates include household size, age and gender of household head, number of years growing rice, and indicators for if the household head had at least primary education, if farming is the household’s main activity, if they have received extension training previously, and if they are a member of a farmer association. Standard errors clustered at the farmer-group-level are in parentheses (∗∗∗, ∗∗, ∗).