Residues in the outer pore region of TRPV1 play a pivotal role in threshold temperature modulating effects of polyols.A, polyols reverse the synergistic effect of protons on wildtype TRPV1 heat activation but did not increase the threshold temperature of the E601Q-E649Q double mutant. B, representative macroscopic current traces recorded from wildtype TRPV1 at pH 6.0 and E601Q-E649Q double mutant after applying sorbitol from the extracellular side. C and D, comparisons of thermal activation threshold of wildtype TRPV1 at pH 6.0 as well as that of the E601Q-E649Q double mutant after perfusing various concentrations of sorbitol (n = 3–10). E, representative macroscopic current traces recorded from TRPV1 channels after applying 3 μM capsaicin or 3 μM capsaicin with 500 mM sorbitol from the extracellular side at room temperature. F, representative macroscopic current traces recorded from TRPV1 channels after applying acid (pH 5.5) or acid (pH 5.5) with 500 mM sorbitol from the extracellular side at room temperature. G, sorbitol, 500 mM, inhibits the activation of TRPV1 by proton at room temperature but not by 3 μM capsaicin (n = 5–6). The data are represented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons post hoc test or Student’s t test. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus corresponding control group; n.s., not significant.