Table 5.
Effect of opportunity cost of time on daily nutrient intakes of women by cropping pattern.
| Calories | (2) Protein | (3) Fats | (4) Iron | (5) Zinc | (6) Vitamin A | (7) MDDW | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (kcal) | (g) | (g) | (mg) | (mg) | (µG) | ||
| b/se | b/se | b/se | b/se | b/se | b/se | b/se | |
| Panel A: Cotton growing households (N = 3,014) | |||||||
| Female wages(Rs./day) | 0.076 | –0.001 | –0.012 | 0.001 | 0.001 | –1.334* | –0.000 |
| (0.593) | (0.005) | (0.010) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.611) | (0.001) | |
| Male wages(Rs./day) | –3.718 | –0.075+ | 0.077 | –0.031 | –0.009 | 6.649 | –0.005 |
| (4.470) | (0.043) | (0.070) | (0.020) | (0.009) | (4.273) | (0.004) | |
| Panel A: Paddy growing households (N = 2,664) | |||||||
| Female wages(Rs./day) | –17.510** | –0.088 | –0.067 | –0.101** | –0.041* | –50.620** | 0.011 |
| (6.722) | (0.068) | (0.125) | (0.033) | (0.017) | (16.346) | (0.007) | |
| Male wages(Rs./day) | 13.753*** | 0.061* | 0.076 | 0.046** | 0.020** | 21.102** | –0.004 |
| (2.747) | (0.031) | (0.051) | (0.014) | (0.007) | (6.893) | (0.003) | |
| Panel A: Cotton and Paddy growing households (N = 2,324) | |||||||
| Female wages (Rs. /day) | –4.490*** | –0.030** | –0.004 | –0.017** | –0.007*** | –6.120* | –0.000 |
| (1.037) | (0.011) | (0.017) | (0.006) | (0.002) | (2.393) | (0.001) | |
| Male wages (Rs. /day) | –0.103 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 1.202 | –0.003** |
| (08.14) | (0.012) | (0.014) | (0.006) | (0.007) | (1.081) | (0.001) | |
Notes:
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1.All regressions use individual fixed effect models. Women who have not participated in agriculture at all across 10 months are excluded from the sample. Standard errors are clustered at the household level. Significance levels: + 0.10, * 0.05, ** 0.01, *** 0.001.
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2.The control variables include daily market prices of rice, wheat, onions, potatoes, spinach, tomatoes and pigeon pea, a dummy variable for sickness of children, a dummy for sickness of others in the household, and season dummies and type of day dummies.