Table 3.

Comparison of coping strategies of mothers of the adolescents with bipolar disorder and normal adolescents (independent samples t-test)

Variables (domains of the brief COPE)	Group (n=60), mean±SD		t (df=58)	P
	Study group (mothers of BPAD adolescents) (n=30)	Normal control group (mothers of normal adolescents) (n=30)
Emotion focused coping
Acceptance	3.06±1.14	4.90±1.12	−6.262	<0.001***
Use of emotional social support	5.20±1.12	4.73±1.04	1.661	0.102
Humor	2.33±0.75	4.86±1.52	−8.146	<0.001***
Positive reframing	3.33±1.21	5.93±1.08	−8.766	<0.001***
Religion	5.13±1.45	2.50±0.86	8.527	<0.001***
Total score of the domain	21.40±6.54	26.30±5.59	−3.116	<0.03**
Problem focused coping
Active coping	3.76±1.27	6.26±1.04	−8.284	<0.001***
Use of instrumental support	4.33±1.42	5.36±1.24	−2.994	<0.04**
Planning	3.30±1.26	5.73±1.25	−7.476	<0.001***
Total score of the domain	17.30±4.67	21.80±4.39	−3.839	<0.001***
Dysfunctional coping
Behavioral disengagement	4.16±1.11	2.26±0.44	8.644	<0.001***
Denial	4.46±1.07	2.10±0.30	11.608	<0.001***
Self-distraction	6.23±0.97	2.43±0.72	17.146	<0.001***
Substance use	2.56±0.81	2.23±0.50	1.902	0.062
Venting	4.96±0.99	2.23±0.56	13.022	<0.001***
Self-blame	5.86±1.65	2.13±0.50	11.810	<0.001***
Total score of the domain	18.16±4.16	18.20±2.63	−0.037	0.971

**Significant at <0.01 level; ***Significant at <0.001 level. BPAD – Bipolar disorder; SD – Standard deviation