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Directly procedure related complications
| Complication | n (%) |
|---|---|
| CSF leak | 30 (5.2) |
| Wound dehiscence or infection | 21 (3.6) |
| Cord injury | 17 (2.9) |
| Radiculopathy (other than “intentional nerve root sacrifice”) | 10 (1.7) |
| Early hardware failure, migration, malposition | 5 (0.8) |
| Pleural tear | 5 (0.8) |
| Dysphagia | 4 (0.7) |
| Pleural effusion | 3 (0.5) |
| Chylothorax | 2 (0.3) |
| Others | 2 (0.3) |
| Visceral injury | 2 (0.3) |
| Recurrent laryngeal nerve paly | 1 (0.2) |
| Vacular injury | 1 (0.2) |
CSF – Cerebrospinal fluid
