Table 2.
Patient Out-of-pocket Expenditure and Cost-sharing by Health Insurance schemes during 2011–2015
| Insurance status | Total | None | NCMS | URBMI | UEBMI | Other | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | |||||||
| Outpatient | |||||||
| Total cost | 677 (571, 782) | 567 (290, 844) | 540 (442, 638) | 771 (488, 1054) | 1031 (663, 1399) | 1731 (622, 2839) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for doctor visitsa | 457 (388, 525) | 478 (188, 768) | 431 (348, 514) | 545 (322, 767) | 475 (309, 642) | 719 (307, 1131) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharinga | 0.82 (0.79, 0.85) | 0.9 (0.83, 0.98) | 0.87 (0.84, 0.89) | 0.7 (0.53, 0.88) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.77) | 0.57 (0.44, 0.7) | < 0.01 |
| Amount of OOPE for prescription drugb | 298 (259, 338) | 387 (120, 655) | 251 (221, 281) | 324 (177, 471) | 423 (274, 572) | 473 (23, 923) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharing for prescription drugsb | 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) | 0.97 (0.93, 1) | 0.92 (0.9, 0.94) | 0.74 (0.55, 0.93) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.87) | 0.68 (0.54, 0.82) | < 0.01 |
| Seek outpatient care observation | 3286 | ||||||
| Inpatient | |||||||
| Total cost | 7971 (7008, 8935) | 5550 (4073, 7027) | 6903 (5699, 8108) | 7494 (4878, 10,110) | 11,902 (9342, 14,462) | 8756 (5769, 11,742) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for hospitalizationa | 4861 (4245, 5477) | 4150 (3107, 5193) | 4732 (4081, 5382) | 4816 (2845, 6786) | 5706 (3659, 7754) | 3658 (2123, 5193) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharinga | 0.67 (0.64, 0.7) | 0.91 (0.83, 1) | 0.74 (0.71, 0.77) | 0.67 (0.59, 0.75) | 0.44 (0.39, 0.5) | 0.54 (0.41, 0.67) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for prescription drugsb | 3668 (3131, 4205) | 2884 (1976, 3791) | 3674 (3023, 4325) | 4252 (2304, 6200) | 3913 (2458, 5368) | 2354 (1070, 3637) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharing for prescription drugsb | 0.85 (0.82, 0.87) | 0.9 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.86 (0.84, 0.89) | 0.89 (0.85, 0.94) | 0.77 (0.72, 0.83) | 0.8 (0.71, 0.89) | 0.049 |
| Seek inpatient care observation | 1560 | ||||||
| 2013 | |||||||
| Outpatient | |||||||
| Total cost | 753 (647, 859) | 653 (351, 955) | 717 (608, 826) | 888 (490, 1286) | 818 (524, 1111) | 825 (190, 1460) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for doctor visitsa | 522 (441, 602) | 578 (330, 826) | 548 (466, 631) | 546 (236, 855) | 445 (244, 647) | 245 (117, 372) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharinga | 0.76 (0.69, 0.83) | 0.96 (0.92, 1) | 0.85 (0.84, 0.87) | 0.61 (0.4, 0.82) | 0.51 (0.35, 0.68) | 0.49 (0.36, 0.62) | < 0.01 |
| Amount of OOPE for prescription drug b | 358 (305, 411) | 294 (133, 455) | 364 (299, 429) | 418 (208, 628) | 335 (237, 433) | 204 (91, 317) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharing for prescription drugsb | 0.86 (0.82, 0.91) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.94) | 0.78 (0.51, 1.04) | 0.67 (0.58, 0.76) | 0.61 (0.48, 0.73) | < 0.01 |
| Seek outpatient care observation | 3958 | ||||||
| Inpatient | |||||||
| Total cost | 10,082 (7258, 12,906) | 9077 (6507, 11,648) | 7654 (6922, 8387) | 25,659(− 1260, 52,578) | 11,672 (8219, 15,124) | 10,722 (7868, 13,575) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for hospitalization a | 6508 (4087, 8929) | 6372 (4666, 8079) | 5047 (4484, 5611) | 20,955(− 3563, 45,472) | 5454 (3896, 7012) | 6535 (1762, 11,308) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharinga | 0.62 (0.59, 0.65) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.65 (0.62, 0.67) | 0.66 (0.56, 0.76) | 0.48 (0.4, 0.55) | 0.4 (0.29, 0.5) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for prescription drugs b | 5419 (2951, 7888) | 4944 (3614, 6273) | 3852 (3348, 4356) | 20,367(− 4290, 45,023) | 4594 (3044, 6145) | 5198 (2122, 8274) | 0.0037 |
| Cost sharing for prescription drugsb | 0.83 (0.81, 0.85) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.84 (0.82, 0.86) | 0.82 (0.76, 0.87) | 0.8 (0.74, 0.85) | 0.79 (0.68, 0.89) | < 0.01 |
| Seek inpatient care observation | 2385 | ||||||
| 2015 | |||||||
| Outpatient | |||||||
| Total cost | 1279 (1076, 1482) | 1744 (600, 2888) | 1094 (898, 1290) | 1169 (668, 1670) | 1562 (1121, 2002) | 2786(−9, 5580) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for doctor visitsa | 860 (705, 1015) | 937 (430, 1444) | 801 (640, 961) | 842 (482, 1201) | 813 (530, 1096) | 2381(−388, 5150) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharinga | 0.8 (0.77, 0.82) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.93) | 0.84 (0.82, 0.86) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | 0.61 (0.53, 0.69) | 0.51 (0.39, 0.64) | < 0.01 |
| Amount of OOPE for prescription drug (Yuan)b | 375 (309, 441) | 350 (167, 534) | 316 (264, 368) | 462 (318, 607) | 478 (252, 704) | 797 (135, 1459) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharing for prescription drugsb | 0.85 (0.83, 0.88) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | 0.9 (0.88, 0.92) | 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) | 0.69 (0.61, 0.76) | 0.61 (0.49, 0.73) | < 0.01 |
| Seek outpatient care observation | 3754 | ||||||
| Inpatient | |||||||
| Total cost | 9757 (8846, 10,668) | 7207 (5633, 8782) | 8194 (7487, 8901) | 10,073 (8117, 12,030) | 14,826 (11,850, 17,802) | 8731 (5716, 11,746) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for hospitalizationa | 5747 (5228, 6266) | 4578 (3458, 5698) | 5605 (5038, 6172) | 6046 (4708, 7385) | 6562 (5021, 8103) | 4285 (1885, 6685) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharinga | 0.63 (0.61, 0.65) | 0.9 (0.84, 0.96) | 0.67 (0.65, 0.69) | 0.59 (0.56, 0.63) | 0.44 (0.4, 0.47) | 0.43 (0.29, 0.56) | < 0.01 |
| OOPE for prescription drugs b | 4418 (3922, 4915) | 3822 (2790, 4853) | 4206 (3702, 4710) | 4298 (3072, 5525) | 5374 (3728, 7021) | 3126 (895, 5356) | < 0.01 |
| Cost sharing for prescription drugsb | 0.84 (0.82, 0.86) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) | 0.86 (0.84, 0.87) | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.83) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.9) | < 0.01 |
| Seek inpatient care observation | 2590 | ||||||
Note:
The currency unit of total cost and OOPE in this table is Chinese Yuan.
OOPE and cost sharing were presented followed by 95% CI in the parenthsis.
These tables were generated based on the full sample of year wave so as to track the national trend.
OOPE = out-of-pocket expenditure
P value< 0.01 indicates that the mean level of cost-sharing was statistically different between three social health insurance schemes at 1% significance level, based on Kruskal–Wallis test.
Cross-sectional sampling weight was applied for each year.
OOPE in 2011 and 2013 were converted to 2015 price based on the World Bank GDP deflator.
aIndicates the total cost shared or paid by patients, including prescription drugs
b Indicates only the total cost for prescription drugs shared or paid by patients