Table 4.
Change in health care-seeking and medicines for household member illness
| UNADJUSTED CHANGE OVER TIME | ADJUSTED CHANGE OVER TIME a | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPC HHs | Control HHs | DiD | MPC HHs | Control HHs | DiD b | Overall % | Effect Size | R2 | |||||||
| % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | ||||
| Most Recent Childhood Illness | |||||||||||||||
| Sought and received medical care | -0.4% | (−3.6,2.8) | −1.2% | (−5.6,3.1) | 0.9% | (−4.5,6.2) | 0.7% | (−2.9,4.3) | −2.3% | (−7.4,2.7) | 3.0% | (−2.9,9.0) | 94.6% | 3.2% | 0.059 |
| Able to obtain prescribed meds | 0.2% | (−2.0,2.3) | −0.3% | (−2.4,1.7) | 0.5% | (−2.5,3.4) | 1.3% | (−0.6,3.3) | −1.4% | (−3.8,1.0) | 2.8% | (−0.6,6.1) | 98.4% | 2.8% | 0.029 |
| Outpatient visit | 11.0% | (3.5,18.5) | 5.6% | (−0.4,11.5) | 5.4% | (−4.2,15.0) | 11.1% | (2.8,19.3) | 6.7% | (−0.4,13.7) | 4.4% | (−6.3,15.1) | 87.4% | 5.1% | 0.032 |
| Emergency room visit | −11.9% | (− 18.5,-5.3) | − 12.6% | (− 17.6,-7.5) | 0.7% | (−7.7,9.0) | − 12.3% | (− 19.4,-5.2) | −13.9% | (−20.0,-7.8) | 1.6% | (− 7.6,10.8) | 8.1% | 19.9% | 0.071 |
| Hospital admission | 0.9% | (−2.6,4.4) | 7.0% | (3.6,10.3) | −6.1% | (−10.9,-1.2) | 1.2% | (−3.0,5.4) | 7.3% | (3.5,11.0) | − 6.1% | (− 11.7,-0.4) | 4.5% | −133.5% | 0.043 |
| Care not sought b/c of cost | −33.3% | (−90.6,23.9) | −11.4% | (−30.9,8.1) | −21.9% | (−82.4,38.5) | −53.3% | (− 143.1,36.4) | − 20.3% | (−44.6,4.0) | − 33.0% | (− 122.8,56.8) | 87.7% | −37.7% | 0.379 |
| All care not received due to cost | 39.4% | (30.0,48.8) | 27.5% | (20.7,34.4) | 11.9% | (0.2,23.5) | 39.8% | (30.6,49.1) | 20.5% | (12.8,28.3) | 19.3% | (7.3,31.2) | 24.6% | 78.3% | 0.177 |
| Most Recent Adult Acute Illness | |||||||||||||||
| Sought and received medical care | 4.3% | (−4.1,12.6) | −5.2% | (−11.6,1.1) | 9.5% | (−1.0,20.0) | 6.9% | (−2.8,16.6) | −4.4% | (−10.8,2.1) | 11.3% | (−0.3,22.9) | 88.9% | 12.7% | 0.047 |
| Able to obtain prescribed meds | −2.9% | (−6.1,0.4) | 1.1% | (−1.8,3.9) | −3.9% | (−8.2,0.4) | −4.0% | (− 8.2,0.3) | 0.0% | (−2.9,2.9) | − 4.0% | (− 8.7,0.7) | 98.1% | − 4.1% | 0.031 |
| Outpatient visit | 4.3% | (−5.5,14.1) | 6.6% | (0.4,12.7) | −2.3% | (−13.8,9.3) | 6.5% | (−3.9,16.8) | 7.3% | (0.7,14.0) | −0.9% | (−13.2,11.4) | 90.5% | −1.0% | 0.037 |
| Emergency room visit | −8.8% | (−17.8,0.2) | −9.0% | (−14.6,-3.5) | 0.3% | (−10.3,10.8) | −9.3% | (− 19.0,0.4) | − 9.4% | (−15.6,-3.3) | 0.1% | (−11.3,11.6) | 7.2% | 2.1% | 0.061 |
| Hospital admission | 4.5% | (0.6,8.3) | 2.5% | (−0.3,5.2) | 2.0% | (−2.7,6.7) | 2.8% | (−0.3,6.0) | 2.1% | (−0.8,5.0) | 0.7% | (−3.5,5.0) | 2.3% | 32.1% | 0.041 |
| Care not sought b/c of cost | −33.3% | (−65.7,-1.0) | −12.1% | (−23.8,-0.4) | − 21.2% | (−55.6,13.2) | −36.9% | (−74.9,1.2) | −12.3% | (− 25.8,1.2) | − 24.6% | (− 62.3,13.2) | 88.0% | − 27.9% | 0.367 |
| All care not received due to cost | 22.0% | (9.1,34.8) | 15.9% | (6.8,24.9) | 6.1% | (−9.6,21.8) | 17.9% | (4.0,31.8) | 13.0% | (3.1,22.9) | 4.9% | (−11.9,21.8) | 30.0% | 16.5% | 0.078 |
| Adult Chronic Illness | |||||||||||||||
| Sought and received medical care | 2.3% | (−7.7,12.3) | 4.4% | (−3.8,12.6) | −2.1% | (−15.0,10.8) | 6.4% | (−4.6,17.5) | 2.7% | (−5.7,11.0) | 3.8% | (−8.7,16.3) | 93.9% | 4.0% | 0.042 |
| Ever faced difficulties obtaining meds | 0.0% | (−21.4,21.5) | 11.7% | (−2.7,26.1) | −11.6% | (−37.5,14.2) | −10.6% | (−34.2,13.1) | 14.2% | (−3.2,31.7) | − 24.8% | (−53.6,4.0) | 73.6% | − 33.7% | 0.072 |
| General practitioner visit(s) | −20.3% | (−39.8,-0.7) | −15.3% | (−30.2,-0.3) | −5.0% | (− 29.6,19.6) | − 23.1% | (−45.9,-0.3) | −27.6% | (− 42.7,-12.5) | 4.5% | (− 22.9,32.0) | 62.5% | 7.2% | 0.096 |
| Specialist visit(s) | −7.8% | (−30.0,14.4) | −14.0% | (− 26.6,-1.5) | 6.3% | (−19.2,31.8) | − 14.4% | (− 38.3,9.5) | − 13.6% | (− 27.8,0.5) | −0.7% | (− 29.1,27.6) | 70.2% | −1.1% | 0.089 |
| Hospital visit(s) | 0.2% | (−16.0,16.4) | 0.1% | (−13.1,13.3) | 0.0% | (−20.8,20.9) | −1.5% | (− 22.2,19.2) | −9.3% | (− 24.4,5.7) | 7.9% | (− 18.6,34.4) | 27.5% | 28.6% | 0.118 |
| Care not sought b/c of cost | 100% | – | 0.0% | – | 100% | – | 100.0% | – | 0.0% | – | 100% | – | 82.6% | – | 1.000 |
| All care not received due to cost | 6.0% | (−17.3,29.3) | 27.6% | (14.3,40.9) | −21.6% | (−48.4,5.3) | −3.2% | (− 29.6,23.3) | 25.1% | (9.3,40.8) | −28.2% | (−59.1,2.6) | 40.2% | −70.3% | 0.103 |
| Cannot afford medication | 2.6% | (−21.5,26.7) | 19.2% | (4.1,34.3) | − 16.6% | (−45.1,11.8) | −5.1% | (−31.1,20.9) | 22.1% | (3.6,40.5) | −27.2% | (−59.5,5.0) | 62.0% | −43.9% | 0.078 |
DiD (difference-in-difference) represents the difference in baseline to endline change between MPC and control groups; effect size indicates the magnitude of this difference (calculated by dividing the DiD estimate by overall mean)
Bold italic indicates statistically significant (p < 0.001) findings; bold indicates statistically significant (p < 0.05) findings; italic indicates statistically significant (p < 0.10) findings
a Adjusted analyses controlled for principal applicant sex, age, education level, and marital status; household size and composition including the presence of household members in need of daily support, with chronic conditions, and children under five years old; dependency ratio; total household expenditure in the prior month; residence type; household crowding; and receipt of humanitarian assistance, specifically total value of cash assistance received in the prior month, and current WFP beneficiary status/transfer modality (e-voucher or unconditional cash)
b DiD estimates are the modeled interaction effect of study group (i.e., MPC vs. control) and time period (i.e., baseline vs. endline)