. 2021 Jun 17;5:100182. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100182

Table 3.

Hierarchical regression analyses (outcomes: addictive social media use, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; German sample).

	ß	95% CI	T	Adjusted R²	Changes in R²
Addictive Social Media Use
Step 1, F(3,525) = 8.652, p < .001				0.042	0.047
Age	−0.194^⁎⁎	[−0.189, −0.061]	−3.847
Gender	−0.077	[−1.627, 0.073]	−1.795
Occupation	−0.008	[−0.970, 0.822]	−0.163
Step 2, F(4,524) = 8.770, p < .001				0.056	0.016
COVID-19 Quarantine	0.126^⁎⁎	[0.400, 1.981]	2.957
Depression Symptoms
Step 1, F(3,525) = 1.727, p = 0.160				0.004	0.010
Age	−0.106^*	[−0.133, −0.003]	−2.063
Gender	0.005	[−0.817, 0.910]	0.106
Occupation	0.015	[−0.774, 1.045]	0.293
Step 2, F(4,524) = 1.434, p = 0.221				0.003	0.001
COVID-19 Quarantine	0.033	[−0.501, 1.118]	0.749
Anxiety Symptoms
Step 1, F(3,525) = 0.381, p = 0.767				−0.004	0.002
Age	−0.045	[−0.066, 0.026]	−0.864
Gender	−0.009	[−0.675, 0.553]	−0.196
Occupation	−0.001	[−0.655, 0.639]	−0.024
Step 2, F(4,524) = 0.722, p = 0.577				−0.002	0.003
COVID-19 Quarantine	0.058	[−0.189, 0.961]	1.320
Stress Symptoms
Step 1, F(3,525) = 1.510, p = 0.211				0.003	0.009
Age	−0.007	[−0.074, 0.065]	−0.129
Gender	−0.068	[−1.661, 0.195]	−1.552
Occupation	0.064	[−0.360, 1.595]	1.240
Step 2, F(4,524) = 1.319, p = 0.262				0.002	0.001
COVID-19 Quarantine	0.038	[−0.487, 1.252]	0.865
DAS Symptoms
Step 1, F(3,525) = 0.675, p = 0.567				−0.002	0.004
Age	−0.060	[−0.249, 0.063]	−1.169
Gender	−0.031	[−2.826, 1.331]	−0.706
Occupation	0.034	[−1.446, 2.936]	0.668
Step 2, F(4,524)= 0.802, p = 0.524				−0.002	0.002
COVID-19 Quarantine	0.048	[−0.870, 3.025]	1.087

Notes. N = 529; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; DAS = depression, anxiety, stress; ß = standardized coefficient beta; CI = Confidence Interval; in each step of the regression analyses, only new included variables are presented.

^⁎⁎

p<.01.

^⁎

p<.05.