. 2021 Jun 15;14:1773–1783. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S304805

Table 2.

Patient Demographics and Characteristics

		Past 30-Day Xtampza ER NMU (n = 73; 0.2%)		Past 30-Day Other Oxycodone ER NMU (n = 3802; 9.0%)		Past 30-Day Oxycodone IR NMU (n = 14,579; 34.5%)		Xtampza ER versus Other Oxycodone ER	Xtampza ER versus Oxycodone IR
	Response	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value***	p-value***
Gender	Male	33	45.2	1955	51.4	7380	50.6	0.29	0.36
	Female	40	54.8	1847	48.6	7197	49.4
	Unknown/no response	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	0.0
Age	18–24 years	8	11.0	605	15.9	2152	14.8	0.09	0.05
	25–34 years	28	38.4	1599	42.1	6519	44.7
	35–44 years	19	26.0	990	26.0	3693	25.3
	45–54 years	16	21.9	421	11.1	1525	10.5
	55 + years	2	2.7	187	4.9	690	4.7
Race	Caucasian	57	78.1	2886	75.9	10,907	74.8	0.63	0.41
	African American	4	5.5	381	10.0	1695	11.6
	American Indian/Alaskan Native	3	4.1	92	2.4	319	2.2
	Asian	0	0.0	8	0.2	27	0.2
	Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Hispanic/Latino	6	8.2	283	7.4	1065	7.3
	Other Race	3	4.1	152	4.0	566	3.9
	Unknown/no response	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Marital status	Married	14	19.2	824	21.7	3329	22.8	0.82	0.72
	Separated, divorced, widowed	19	26.0	907	23.9	3418	23.4
	Never married	37	50.7	2049	53.9	7741	53.1
	Unknown/no response	3	4.1	22	0.6	91	0.6
Employment	Professional	5	6.9	225	5.9	881	6.0	0.93	0.94
	Administrative, clerical, sales	9	12.3	444	11.7	1736	11.9
	Skilled or semi-skilled	23	31.5	1523	40.1	5814	39.9
	Student	2	2.7	57	1.5	248	1.7
	Homemaker	7	9.6	312	8.2	1228	8.4
	Other manual/unskilled	10	13.7	441	11.6	1661	11.4
	Did not work for pay last 3 years	3	4.1	202	5.3	735	5.0
	Disabled	7	9.6	277	7.3	1070	7.3
	No occupation	6	8.2	299	7.9	1120	7.7
	Unknown/no response	1	1.4	22	0.6	86	0.6
Treatment Modality	Residential/Inpatient	46	63.0	2208	58.1	8041	55.2	0.25	0.15
	Outpatient/Non-Methadone	18	24.7	844	22.2	3664	25.1
	Methadone	7	9.6	268	7.1	888	6.1
	Drug Court	0	0.0	57	1.5	255	1.8
	Probation/Parole	0	0.0	45	1.2	185	1.3
	DUI/DWI	0	0.0	30	0.8	201	1.4
	Other Corrections	0	0.0	20	0.5	95	0.7
	Temporary Assistance for Needy	0	0.0	8	0.2	90	0.6
	Families (Welfare)
	Other	2	2.7	322	8.5	1160	8.0
Current pain problem	Yes	52	71.2	2289	60.2	8123	55.7	0.04	0.005
	No	20	27.4	1509	39.7	6432	44.1
	Unknown/no response	1	1.4	4	0.1	24	0.2
Criminal justice*	Yes	23	31.5	888	23.4	3557	24.4	0.07	0.11
	No	47	64.4	2894	76.1	10,949	75.1
	Unknown/no response	3	4.1	20	0.5	73	0.5
Past 30-day marijuana use	Yes	37	50.7	1901	50.0	6915	47.4	0.86	0.54
Past 30-day marijuana use	No	36	49.3	1901	50.0	7664	52.6	0.86	0.54
Past 30-day illicit drug use (other than marijuana)**	Yes	58	79.5	2631	69.2	9199	63.1	0.06	0.004
Past 30-day illicit drug use (other than marijuana)**	No	15	20.6	1171	30.8	5380	36.9	0.06	0.004
Past 30-day heroin use	Yes	28	38.4	1604	42.2	5174	35.5	0.50	0.62
Past 30-day heroin use	No	45	61.6	2189	57.6	9405	64.3	0.50	0.62
Lifetime heroin use	Yes	44	60.3	2324	61.1	7824	53.7	0.87	0.27
	No	29	39.7	1471	38.7	6728	46.2
	Unknown/no response	0	0.0	7	0.2	27	0.2
Lifetime injection of any drug	Yes	34	46.6	1986	52.2	6620	45.4	0.34	0.84
Lifetime injection of any drug	No	39	53.4	1816	47.8	7959	54.6	0.34	0.84
Drug severity score	No real problem/slight problem	2	2.7	216	5.7	1210	8.3	0.55	0.38
	Moderate/considerable problem	28	38.4	1352	35.6	5896	40.4
	Extreme problem	32	43.8	1998	52.6	6637	45.5
	Unknown/no response	11	15.1	236	6.2	836	5.7
Medical severity score	No real problem/slight problem	19	26.0	1478	38.9	6362	43.6	0.02	0.002
	Moderate/considerable problem	51	69.9	2123	55.8	7522	51.6
	Extreme problem	0	0.0	105	2.8	349	2.4
	Unknown/no response	3	4.1	96	2.5	346	2.4
Family severity score	No real problem/slight problem	31	42.5	1717	45.2	7214	49.5	0.14	0.02
	Moderate/considerable problem	22	30.1	1578	41.5	5724	39.3
	Extreme problem	14	19.2	364	9.6	1106	7.6
	Unknown/no response	6	8.2	143	3.8	535	3.7
Employment severity score	No real problem/slight problem	26	35.6	1712	45.0	7331	50.3	0.03	0.001
	Moderate/considerable problem	33	45.2	1654	43.5	5785	39.7
	Extreme problem	11	15.1	296	7.8	936	6.4
	Unknown/no response	3	4.1	140	3.7	527	3.6

Notes: *Admission to substance abuse treatment was required or encouraged of the respondent by a judge, probation or parole officer, or other criminal justice official. **Illicit drugs include heroin, cocaine, illicit amphetamines/methamphetamines, hallucinogens, inhalants, ecstasy, GHB, ketamine, K2, rohypnol, bath salts, and street fentanyl. ***Unknown/no responses categories (ie, missing data) were excluded from statistical testing. Due to low cell size (n<5), the fishers exact test was run in place of the chi-square test for age, race, and treatment modality. The categories for employment and treatment modality were collapsed prior to running statistical testing. Employment categories included professional/administrative, clerical or sales; skilled, semi-skilled, other manual; homemaker; disabled; no occupation; and other (includes the remaining categories with cell counts of n<5). Treatment modality categories included residential/inpatient, outpatient/non-methadone, corrections (drug court, probation/parole, DUI/DWI, other corrections); and other (methadone, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and other).

Abbreviations: ER, extended-release; IR, immediate-release; NMU, nonmedical use.