Table 1.

Examples of genetic regulation strategies of CRISPR gene editing

Control type	Cell or organism models	Edited gene	Key molecule / structure	Ref.
Modular CRISPR fusion system	MSC, HEK-293T, hPSC; yeast cell, HeLa cell	adipogenic genes, human ASCL1, IL1RN, ZFP42 and OCT4 genes, pluripotency gene NANOG, GFP reporter gene	VP64, p65, copies of VP16, VP64-p65-Rta tripartite, multiple sgRNAs, AcrIIA1-4, KRAB, SID4X	31,32,38,39,41–45,48,60
Cell-specific promoter	Huh7 cell, HEK-293T cell, HepG2.2.15 cell, mouse T cell, B cell, neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage, and spleen cell, zebrafish, C. elegans	hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, mouse CD2 gene, macrophage-specific gene sgNtn 1, zebrafish urod gene, C. elegans somatic cell DPY-5, LON-2, and GFP gene	liver-specific promoter, macrophage-specific promoter, CD4 promoter, erythrocyte-specific gata1 promoter, Egg cell-specific promoter	37,52–55,57

MSC mesenchymal stem cell, HEK-293T cell human embryonic kidney 293T cell, hPSC human pluripotent stem cell, Huh7 cell human liver cancer cell line, GFP green fluorescent protein, VP64, p65, VP16 and Rta transcription activation domains, KRAB, SID4X, MXl1 and WRPW transcription repression domain