Fig. 5.

Endothelial cell types in ccRCC. (A, Left) t-SNE plot of the endothelial cell types in benign adjacent kidney and ccRCC samples. (A, Right) t-SNE plot showing the diversity in endothelial cell type in benign adjacent kidney and ccRCC tumor tissues. The predominant endothelial population in tumors was AVR-1, followed by AVR-2. (B) Heat map depicting the top markers associated with the different endothelial subtypes. PLVAP, a marker of the AVR-1 population, and ACKR1, a marker of the AVR-2 population, are highlighted in red. (C) Messenger RNA expression of VEGF receptors FLT1, KDR, and FLT4 shows low expression in ACKR1-positive ccRCC AVR-2 population (violin plots).