Table 3.

Clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of COVID-19-associated splenic infarction.

Reference	Cases	Clinical presentation	Laboratory findings	Imaging	Associated ischemic event	Comorbidities	Treatment	Outcome
Besutti et al5	53-year-old man	SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia presenting in day 6 of admission with severe left flank pain	Neutrophilia with increased LDH and CRP	CT angiography	Left kidney	Hypertension; previous mitral valve replacement	LMWH BID	Discharged
	72-year-old man	SARS-CoV-2 patient presenting in the second day of admission with severe abdominal pain	Neutrophilia with elevated LDH, CRP, and D-dimer	CT angiography	Small bowel	Stage 3 kidney disease; hypertension; type 2 diabetes; and previous myocardial infarction	Splenectomy and enterectomy plus continuous infusion of heparin	Discharged from the ICU and improving but still hospitalized at the time of reporting
Hossri et al15	29-year-old woman	SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia presenting in admission with vomiting and abdominal pain	Leukopenia and lymphopenia with increased LDH, CRP, D-dimer and ferritin plus anti-cardiolipin positivity; IgM and anti-cardiolipin IgG phospholipid antibodies	CT angiography	Ischemic stroke	Hemoglobin sickle cell disease	Heparin in continuous infusion	Not reported
Karki et al14	32-year-old man	SARS-CoV-2 patient presenting in the third day of admission with severe periumbilical pain	Leucopenia and thrombocytopenia	CT angiography	None	None	Supportive care	Splenic laceration with hemoperitoneum; remained stable during ICU admission; outcome not reported
Santos Leite Pessoa et al13	67-year-old man	SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia presenting with ischemic stroke without abdominal symptoms	Not reported	CT angiography	Ischemic stroke plus pulmonary thromboembolism	Hypertension	Not reported	Not reported
	53-year-old woman	SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia presenting without abdominal symptoms	Not reported	Ultrasound + CT angiography	None	Rheumatoid arthritis	Not reported	Not reported
Qasim Agha and Berryman16	> 60-year-old man	SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia presenting in day 7 of admission with moderate, dull, left-side abdominal pain	Neutrophilia with increased CRP, D-dimer and ferritin	CT angiography	None	Asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, morbid obesity, IgG deficiency, and hypertension	Continuous infusion of heparin, followed by LMWH BID	Discharged on oral rivaroxaban

CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LMWH, Low-molecular-weight heparin; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.