Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients treated with and without immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)
| Patients treated with ICIs | Patients not treated with ICIs | P value | |
| Demographics | |||
| Number of patients | 2842 | 2699 | |
| Male | 1632/2842 (57.4%) | 1429/2699 (52.9%) | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 64.4±13.1 | 64.0±13.2 | 0.33 |
| Race or ethnic group | <0.001 | ||
| White | 2475/2700 (91.7%) | 2443/2608 (93.7%) | |
| Hispanic | 29/2700 (1.1%) | 39/2608 (1.5%) | |
| Asian | 96/2700 (3.6%) | 43/2608 (1.7%) | |
| Black or African American | 57/2700 (2.1%) | 64/2608 (2.5%) | |
| Other | 43/2700 (1.6%) | 19/2608 (0.7%) | |
| Clinical variables | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0±6.4 | 27.6±5.7 | 0.004 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 127.6±18.6 | 127.4±16.9 | 0.72 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75.7±9.7 | 74.7±10.3 | <0.001 |
| Baseline comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 1354/2752 (49.2%) | 1469/2695 (54.5%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 432/2752 (16.4%) | 502/2695 (18.6%) | 0.005 |
| Smoking current or prior | 429/2753 (15.6%) | 398/2695 (14.8%) | 0.41 |
| History of any cardiovascular event | 320/2842 (11.3%) | 352/2699 (13.0%) | 0.04 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 134/1842 (4.7%) | 165/2699 (6.1%) | 0.02 |
| History of coronary revascularization | 121/2842 (4.3%) | 135/2699 (5.0%) | 0.20 |
| History of ischemic stroke | 83/2842 (2.9%) | 100/2699 (3.7%) | 0.11 |
| History of pericarditis or pericardial effusion | 36/2842 (1.3%) | 13/2699 (0.5%) | 0.02 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 325/2752 (11.8%) | 322/2695 (11.9%) | 0.90 |
| Cardiovascular medications | |||
| ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker | 612/2700 (22.7%) | 632/2340 (27.0%) | <0.001 |
| Beta blockers | 627/2700 (23.2%) | 775/2340 (33.1%) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 395/2700 (14.6%) | 355/2340 (15.2%) | 0.61 |
| Diuretics | 670/2700 (24.8%) | 699/2340 (29.9%) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 578/2700 (21.4%) | 589/2340 (25.2%) | 0.002 |
| Other anti-platelet therapies | 66/2700 (2.4%) | 97/2340 (4.2%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-ICI corticosteroid | 417/2338 (17.8%) | 67/1331 (5.0%) | <0.001 |
| Cancer types | |||
| Lung | 817/2842 (28.8%) | 815/2699 (30.2%) | 0.33 |
| Melanoma | 798/2842 (28.1%) | 654/2699 (24.2%) | |
| Head and neck | 343/2842 (12.1%) | 342/2699 (12.7%) | |
| Renal and genitourinary | 182/2842 (6.4%) | 182/2699 (6.7%) | |
| Breast | 118/2842 (4.2%) | 119/2699 (4.4%) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 116/2842 (4.1%) | 116/2699 (4.3%) | |
| Gynecologic | 110/2842 (3.9%) | 110/2699 (4.1%) | |
| Hepatobiliary | 101/2842 (3.6%) | 101/2699 (3.7%) | |
| Lymphoma | 82/2842 (2.9%) | 81/2699 (3.0%) | |
| Other | 99/2842 (3.5%) | 99/2699 (3.7%) | |
| Prior cancer treatment | |||
| Radiation therapy | 570/2752 (20.7%) | 285/2695 (10.6%) | <0.001 |
| 5-fluorouracil | 282/2719 (10.4%) | 148/2615 (5.7%) | <0.001 |
| Anthracyclines | 151/2719 (5.6%) | 153/2615 (5.9%) | 0.70 |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | 61/2719 (2.2%) | 59/2615 (2.3%) | 1.00 |
| Platinum-based chemotherapy | 1019/2719 (37.5%) | 568/2615 (21.7%) | <0.001 |
| ICI type | |||
| Monotherapy | |||
| PD-L1 | 2139/2842 (75.3%) | ||
| CTLA-4 | 223/2842 (7.8%) | ||
| PD-1 | 282/2842 (9.9%) | ||
| CTLA-4 or PD-1 | 3/2842 (0.1%) | ||
| Combination therapy | |||
| CTLA-4 and PD-1 | 195/2842 (6.9%) | ||
| Number of cycles of ICI, no (IQR) | 5 (2–11) | ||
| Immune-mediated adverse events after ICI start | |||
| Gastrointestinal | 500/2745 (18.2%) | ||
| Skin | 429/2745 (15.6%) | ||
| Pulmonary | 189/2745 (6.9%) | ||
| Hepatic | 179/2745 (6.5%) | ||
| Endocrine | 175/2745 (6.4%) | ||
| Renal | 120/2745 (4.4%) | ||
| Neuromuscular | 98/2745 (3.6%) | ||
| Pancreas | 61/2745 (2.2%) | ||
| Any of the above adverse events | 1179/2745 (43.0%) | ||
| Immune-mediated adverse events treated with corticosteroid | |||
| Among the entire cohort | 734/2745 (17.8%) | ||
| Among those with immune-mediated adverse events | 734/1179 (62.3%) | ||
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CTLA-4, cytotoxic-T lymphocyte-associated protein 4; PD-1, programmed death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1.