Table 2.
The incidence of malignant tumors between SGLT-2i and control.
| SGLT-2i vs. control | No. of studies | Participants | RR | 95% CI | p | Heterogeneity (I2) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 77 | 88,973 | 1.05 | 0.97–1.14 | 0.20 | 0 |
| Type of malignant tumor | ||||||
| Hematological malignancy | 20 | 50,817 | 1.16 | 0.85–1.60 | 0.35 | 0 |
| Ertugliflozin | 4 | 2,093 | 3.50 | 0.73–16.83 | 0.12 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 4 | 19,464 | 1.27 | 0.80–2.00 | 0.31 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 5 | 11,964 | 1.29 | 0.64–2.63 | 0.48 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 5 | 16,670 | 0.67 | 0.35–1.31 | 0.24 | 3 |
| Digestive system malignancy | 43 | 68,586 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.23 | 0.54 | 0 |
| Ertugliflozin | 5 | 4,049 | 1.83 | 0.68–4.96 | 0.23 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 10 | 22,041 | 0.94 | 0.74–1.19 | 0.59 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 12 | 18,517 | 1.31 | 0.92–1.87 | 0.13 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 11 | 22,476 | 0.99 | 0.73–1.33 | 0.93 | 0 |
| Breast malignant tumor | 31 | 59,991 | 1.11 | 0.85–1.46 | 0.45 | 0 |
| Ertugliflozin | 3 | 2,673 | 1.17 | 0.38–3.64 | 0.78 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 11 | 20,948 | 1.10 | 0.73–1.67 | 0.64 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 8 | 19,705 | 1.52 | 0.89–2.60 | 0.13 | 0 |
| Skin malignant tumor | 23 | 56,961 | 1.08 | 0.87–1.33 | 0.49 | 0 |
| Ertugliflozin | 3 | 2,787 | 1.13 | 0.41–3.11 | 0.81 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 11 | 23,031 | 1.06 | 0.77–1.44 | 0.74 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 6 | 15,171 | 0.96 | 0.68–1.36 | 0.82 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 3 | 15,972 | 1.71 | 0.89–3.31 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Malignant tumor of urinary system | 41 | 66,633 | 1.08 | 0.92–1.27 | 0.33 | 0 |
| Ertugliflozin | 4 | 2,661 | 1.39 | 0.44–4.38 | 0.57 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 13 | 23,721 | 1.07 | 0.85–1.33 | 0.57 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 13 | 18,943 | 1.00 | 0.71–1.40 | 0.99 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 9 | 20,836 | 1.17 | 0.85–1.61 | 0.35 | 0 |
| Malignant tumor of the respiratory system | 26 | 57,358 | 0.86 | 0.69–1.07 | 0.17 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 6 | 20,890 | 0.75 | 0.54–1.05 | 0.09 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 9 | 16,390 | 1.07 | 0.70–1.64 | 0.76 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 8 | 19,370 | 0.82 | 0.54–1.23 | 0.33 | 0 |
| Gynecologic malignant tumor | 15 | 51,139 | 0.79 | 0.54–1.16 | 0.24 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 3 | 18,068 | 0.72 | 0.40–1.32 | 0.29 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 5 | 12,210 | 1.42 | 0.59–3.43 | 0.44 | 15 |
| Canagliflozin | 6 | 20,556 | 0.63 | 0.33–1.19 | 0.16 | 0 |
| Brain malignant tumor | 5 | 29,269 | 1.10 | 0.47–2.59 | 0.83 | 0 |
| Thyroid malignancy | 10 | 46,115 | 1.17 | 0.63–2.20 | 0.62 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 5 | 16,919 | 1.89 | 0.60–5.91 | 0.27 | 0 |
| Types of SGLT-2i | ||||||
| Ertugliflozin | 7 | 6,084 | 1.80 | 1.02–3.17 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Bexagliflozin | 4 | 1,274 | 1.25 | 0.42–3.73 | 0.69 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 25 | 28,994 | 0.98 | 0.88–1.10 | 0.71 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 18 | 24,933 | 1.13 | 0.96–1.32 | 0.13 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 18 | 26,618 | 1.06 | 0.91–1.24 | 0.45 | 0 |
| Tofogliflozin | 3 | 814 | 1.23 | 0.50–3.00 | 0.65 | 0 |
| Follow-up time | ||||||
| <52 weeks | 30 | 11,610 | 1.19 | 0.80–1.76 | 0.40 | 0 |
| 52–104 weeks | 31 | 23,804 | 0.94 | 0.73–1.21 | 0.63 | 0 |
| ≥104 weeks | 16 | 53,559 | 1.06 | 0.97–1.15 | 0.18 | 1 |
The values in italics represent statistical differences in the results (i.e., P < 0.05).