Table 4.
The incidence of malignant tumors between SGLT-2i and placebo.
| SGLT-2i vs. placebo | No. of studies | Participants | RR | 95% CI | p | Heterogeneity (I2) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 60 | 70,600 | 1.05 | 0.97–1.14 | 0.20 | 0 |
| Type of malignant tumor | ||||||
| Hematological malignancy | 16 | 47,496 | 1.13 | 0.81–1.57 | 0.47 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 4 | 19,464 | 1.27 | 0.80–2.00 | 0.31 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 4 | 10,277 | 1.34 | 0.63–2.87 | 0.45 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 5 | 16,670 | 0.67 | 0.35–1.31 | 0.24 | 3 |
| Digestive system malignancy | 30 | 56,264 | 1.01 | 0.85–1.19 | 0.92 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 7 | 19,816 | 0.89 | 0.70–1.14 | 0.35 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 8 | 14,693 | 1.48 | 0.99–2.21 | 0.05 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 10 | 19,812 | 0.96 | 0.71–1.30 | 0.80 | 0 |
| Breast malignant tumor | 23 | 50,633 | 1.15 | 0.85–1.55 | 0.36 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 9 | 19,730 | 1.06 | 0.69–1.62 | 0.79 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 6 | 13,187 | 0.78 | 0.40–1.54 | 0.48 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 7 | 17,407 | 1.64 | 0.93–2.90 | 0.09 | 0 |
| Skin malignant tumor | 16 | 49,389 | 1.07 | 0.86–1.34 | 0.54 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 8 | 20,979 | 1.03 | 0.75–1.42 | 0.86 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 4 | 11,817 | 0.97 | 0.67–1.40 | 0.88 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 3 | 15,972 | 1.71 | 0.89–3.31 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Malignant tumor of urinary system | 29 | 55,017 | 1.09 | 0.92–1.28 | 0.33 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 11 | 22,282 | 1.05 | 0.84–1.31 | 0.70 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 10 | 14,837 | 1.17 | 0.80–1.70 | 0.43 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 5 | 16,815 | 1.13 | 0.80–1.58 | 0.49 | 9 |
| Malignant tumor of the respiratory system | 19 | 50,346 | 0.87 | 0.69–1.09 | 0.22 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 5 | 20,076 | 0.76 | 0.55–1.06 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 6 | 13,085 | 1.23 | 0.77–1.98 | 0.39 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 6 | 16,782 | 0.79 | 0.52–1.21 | 0.28 | 0 |
| Gynecologic malignant tumor | 8 | 44,041 | 0.88 | 0.57–1.37 | 0.57 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 4 | 16,920 | 0.75 | 0.35–1.58 | 0.45 | 0 |
| Brain malignant tumor | 4 | 27,724 | 1.23 | 0.50–3.05 | 0.65 | 0 |
| Thyroid malignancy | 8 | 43,740 | 1.45 | 0.73–2.90 | 0.29 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 5 | 16,919 | 1.89 | 0.60–5.91 | 0.27 | 0 |
| Types of SGLT-2i | ||||||
| Ertugliflozin | 4 | 2,890 | 1.91 | 0.74–4.91 | 0.18 | 0 |
| Bexagliflozin | 3 | 890 | 1.08 | 0.33–3.54 | 0.90 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin | 20 | 25,740 | 0.96 | 0.86–1.07 | 0.46 | 0 |
| Empagliflozin | 15 | 19,273 | 1.25 | 1.05–1.49 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Canagliflozin | 14 | 21,077 | 1.08 | 0.92–1.26 | 0.35 | 0 |
| Tofogliflozin | 2 | 474 | 0.76 | 0.19–3.02 | 0.70 | 0 |
| Follow-up time | ||||||
| <52 weeks | 28 | 10,113 | 1.07 | 0.71–1.61 | 0.74 | 0 |
| 52–104 weeks | 22 | 14,602 | 1.03 | 0.75–1.42 | 0.85 | 0 |
| ≥104 weeks | 10 | 45,885 | 1.06 | 0.97–1.15 | 0.21 | 14 |