Table 3.
Group differences in demographics and cognitive ability.
| Cerebrovascular event N = 42 (68%) | ControlN =20 (32%) | Cerebrovascular event vs. control | Minor stroke vs. TIA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minor stroke N = 17 (40%) | TIAN = 25(37%) | (df) F/Chi | p | (df) F/Chi2 | p | ||
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 71.6 ± 10.4 | 69.9 ± 8.2 | 65.8 ± 9.2 | (1, 61) 3.72 | 0.059 | (1, 41) 0.35 | 0.550 |
| Sex (% male) | 13 (77) | 16 (64) | 8 (40) | (2) 4.75 | 0.029 | (1) 0.74 | 0.391 |
| Years education (Mean ± SD) | 11.9 ± 2.2 | 12.9 ± 3.5 | 14.4 ± 2.6 | (1, 61) 5.84 | 0.019 | (1, 41) 1.46 | 0.234 |
| Years since event (Mean ± SD) | 4.2 ± 3.5 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | (1, 41) 0.83 | 0.367 | |||
| Montreal cognitive assessment | 25.67 ± 2.5 | 26.7 ± 2.4 | 27.4 ± 1.8 | (1, 59) 2.99 | 0.089 | (1, 40) 2.37 | 0.132 |
| Vascular risk factors, n (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 13 (77) | 11 (44) | 5 (25) | (1) 5.63 | 0.018 | (1) 4.36 | 0.037 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 8 (47) | 10 (40) | 4 (20) | (1) 3.09 | 0.079 | (1) 0.21 | 0.650 |
| Myocardial infarct | 2 (12) | 0 | 0 | (1) 0.98 | 0.321 | (1) 3.09 | 0.079 |
| Angina | 1 (6) | 0 | 0 | (1) 0.49 | 0.487 | (1) 1.51 | 0.220 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (6) | 0 | 0 | (1) 0.48 | 0.487 | (1) 1.51 | 0.220 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (12) | 2 (8) | 3 (15) | (1) 0.41 | 0.524 | (1) 1.67 | 0.683 |
| Diabetes | 3 (18) | 2 (8) | 0 | (1) 2.59 | 0.108 | (1) 0.90 | 0.343 |
| Number of VRF (Mean ± SD) | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | (1, 61) 6.22 | 0.015 | (1, 41) 4.64 | 0.038 |
| Cognitive measures (Mean ± SD) | |||||||
| Trail making task | |||||||
| TMTa | 36.1 ± 13.2 | 32.2 ± 14.2 | 27.6 ± 4.9 | (1, 60) 4.45 | 0.039 | (1, 40) 1.09 | 0.303 |
| TMTb | 114.9 ± 89.7 | 84.12± 66.1 | 57.9 ± 17.9 | (1, 59) 5.01 | 0.029 | (1, 39) 1.55 | 0.220 |
| TMT B-A | 79.5 ± 81.1 | 51.7 ± 53.9 | 30.3 ± 16.3 | (1, 59) 4.62 | 0.036 | (1, 39) 1.56 | 0.219 |
| List sorting working memory | 93.9 ± 9.9 | 97.6 ± 11.2 | 100.2 ± 8.2 | (1, 59) 2.65 | 0.109 | (1, 39) 1.11 | 0.299 |
| Pattern comparison processing speed | |||||||
| Composite score | 82.1 ± 15.0 | 81.3 ± 12.7 | 87.7 ± 14.4 | (1, 58) 2.58 | 0.114 | (1, 38) 0.03 | 0.858 |
| Accuracy % | 98.9 ± 1.9 | 98.9 ± 2.1 | 99.2 ± 1.5 | (1, 59) 0.42 | 0.518 | (1, 39) 0.00 | 0.986 |
| Reaction time | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | (1, 59) 2.39 | 0.128 | (1, 39) 0.03 | 0.857 |
| Auditory verbal learning | 19.1 ± 4.9 | 21.2 ± 6.4 | 24.1 ± 4.1 | (1, 58) 6.16 | 0.016 | (1, 39) 1.27 | 0.266 |
| Dimensional change card sort | |||||||
| Composite score | 94.9 ± 8.7 | 95.9 ± 11.5 | 103.1 ± 6.7 | (1, 58) 9.54 | 0.003 | (1, 38) 0.09 | 0.771 |
| Accuracy % | 92.1 ± 11.3 | 92.3 ± 11.8 | 96.6 ± 4.7 | (1, 58) 2.87 | 0.096 | (1, 38) 0.00 | 0.958 |
| Reaction time | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | (1, 58) 9.32 | 0.003 | (1, 38) 0.70 | 0.408 |
| Oral reading recognition | 109.4 ± 6.9 | 111.1 ± 6.0 | 112.7 ± 5.8 | (1, 59) 2.25 | 0.139 | (1, 39) 0.60 | 0.443 |
| Picture vocabulary | 110.7 ± 8.4 | 114.4 ± 8.3 | 116.5 ± 8.7 | (1, 59) 2.38 | 0.128 | (1, 39) 1.91 | 0.175 |
| Crystallized composite score | 110.4 ± 7.3 | 113.1 ± 7.2 | 115.2 ± 7.5 | (1, 58) 2.47 | 0.122 | (1, 39) 1.38 | 0.248 |
VRF, vascular risk factors; SD, standard deviation. Gray p-values on cognitive measures indicate those that remained significant after correcting for age and number of vascular risk factors.