FIGURE 1.

Glycan interactions between host and virus. (A), glycan interactions between host cells and viruses are predominantly mediated by host or virus glycoproteins and their complementary host or virus glycan binding proteins. These binding events trigger processes that favor either viral attachment and fusion or host recognition and response. (B), Hemagglutinin H3 from Influenza A Wyoming/3e/2003, depicted with Man9 glycans and theoretical mAbs for illustrative purposes. Glycans shield vulnerable protein epitopes from neutralizing mAbs, such as the receptor binding site, while non-vulnerable protein epitopes lack selective pressure for glycan shielding. However, these glycans can also present targets as glycoepitopes. Generated in PyMOL from PDB: 6BKN (Wu et al., 2018).