Table 3.
International Scenario about Hepatitis E Virus RNA Detection in Milk Products
| Continent | Species | Samples | Percentage of HEV RNA detection | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe (Belgium) | Bovine | 504 milk samples (collected from 416 dairy farms) | 0.0% | Vercouter et al. (2018) |
| Europe (Germany) | Bovine | 400 milk samples | 0.0% | Baechlein and Becher (2017) |
| Europe (Turkey) | 231 raw milk | Demirci et al. (2019) | ||
| Bovine | 48 cow milk | 29.16% (positive for HEV RNA) | ||
| Caprine | 65 goat milk | 18.46% (positive for HEV RNA) | ||
| Ovine | 65 sheep milk | 12.3% (positive for HEV RNA) | ||
| Donkey | 53 donkey milk | 24.5% (positive for HEV RNA) | ||
| North Africa (Egypt) | Bovine | 480 milk samples (collected from 12 farms) | 0.2% (positive both for HEV RNA and anti-HEV IgG) | Sayed et al. (2020) |
| 1.6% (positive for anti-HEV IgG) | ||||
| Asia (China) | Bovine | 140 milk samples | 37.1% (positive for HEV RNA) | Huang et al. (2016) |
| Bovine | 416 milk samples | 0.0% | Geng et al. (2019c) | |
| Caprine | 54 milk samples | 74.07% (positive for anti-HEV IgG) | Long et al. (2017) |
IgG, immunoglobulin G.