Table 3.

Examples of cross-border health measures by level of jurisdiction for COVID-19

	TRAVEL	TRADE
INTERNATIONAL (ALL COUNTRIES)	Quarantine measures for travellers under the IHR (WHO)	Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards (WHO/FAO)
REGIONAL/BILATERAL	European Council Recommendation on coordinated approach to restriction of free movement [67] US-Mexico agreement to limit non-essential travel UK travel corridors to 50 countries Tasman Bubble (Australia/New Zealand)	Restrictions by European Union on vaccine exports
SUBNATIONAL (STATE/PROVINCE)	Atlantic Bubble (Canada) state-level travel restrictions (Australia)	US federal control of PPE supplies to individual US states
MUNICIPAL	Wuhan lockdown Big White Ski Resort, BC limits bookings to residents (Canada) [68] Gombe commune, Kinshasa lockdown (DRC) [69]
MARKET	Airline requirements for passengers on selected routes (e.g., testing) Cancellation of cruises in selected regions	Purchase agreements for COVID-19 vaccines