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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Entomol. 2019 Feb 13;48(1):12–21. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy168

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Conceptual model of pesticide exposure to bumble bees (Bombus spp.) from foliar-applied systemic or non-systemic pesticides (A) and systemic pesticide seed treatments (B). Black boxes = stressors and residue sources, solid gray boxes = exposure matrices, and double-lined gray boxes = receptors.