Table 3.
Relative hazards of mortality for the interaction between sleeping hours (per day) and vegetable consumption, CLHLS, the 2008–2014 panel
| Total | Women | Men | Young old |
Oldest old | Rural | Urban | Illiterate | Literate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A | |||||||||
| ≤ 5 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.08* | 1.09+ | 1.08 | 0.89 | 1.09* | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.08+ | 1.07 |
| 6 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.08* | 1.11* | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.08* | 1.06 | 1.14* | 1.08 | 1.10 |
| 7–8 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 9 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.09+ | 1.19** | 0.96 | 0.79 | 1.11* | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.13* | 0.98 |
| ≥ 10 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.18*** | 1.21*** | 1.13** | 1.16 | 1.18*** | 1.15*** | 1.21*** | 1.19*** | 1.13* |
| High frequent intake of vegetables (low) | 0.91** | 0.96 | 0.82*** | 0.95 | 0.90** | 0.96 | 0.83*** | 0.92* | 0.85* |
| Panel B | |||||||||
| ≤ 5 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.33*** | 1.44** | 1.19 | 1.00 | 1.33** | 1.33** | 1.32+ | 1.37** | 1.15 |
| 6 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.52 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 1.10 | 1.03 |
| 7–8 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 9 h and not often eating vegetables | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 0.60+ |
| ≥ 10 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.33*** | 1.42*** | 1.20 | 1.27 | 1.34*** | 1.23* | 1.46** | 1.32** | 1.30+ |
| ≤ 5 h and often eating vegetables | 1.02 | 1.10 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 0.95 |
| 6 h and often eating vegetables | 1.07 | 1.21* | 0.89 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.00 |
| 7–8 h and often eating vegetables | 0.99 | 1.09 | 0.85+ | 1.07 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 1.01 | 0.90 |
| 9 h and not eating vegetables | 1.09 | 1.33** | 0.83+ | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.02 | 1.15+ | 0.93 |
| ≥ 10 h and often eating vegetables | 1.13* | 1.27** | 0.95 | 1.24 | 1.13* | 1.16+ | 1.11 | 1.18* | 0.98 |
| Panel C | |||||||||
| ≤ 5 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.34*** | 1.32** | 1.40** | 0.94 | 1.35** | 1.31** | 1.38** | 1.36** | 1.29+ |
| 6 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.10 | 1.02 | 1.24 | 1.42 | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.27+ | 1.09 | 1.15 |
| 7–8 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.01 | 0.92 | 1.18+ | 0.93 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 1.12 |
| 9 h and not often eating vegetables | 0.91 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 0.70 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.66 |
| ≥ 10 h and not often eating vegetables | 1.35*** | 1.30*** | 1.42*** | 1.18 | 1.36*** | 1.22* | 1.53*** | 1.29*** | 1.45* |
| ≤ 5 h and often eating vegetables | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 0.88 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 1.06 |
| 6 h and often eating vegetables | 1.08+ | 1.11+ | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.09* | 1.06 | 1.13+ | 1.07 | 1.11 |
| 7–8 h and often eating vegetables | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 9 h and not eating vegetables | 1.11* | 1.22** | 0.98 | 0.79 | 1.14* | 1.13+ | 1.07 | 1.13* | 1.04 |
| ≥ 10 h and often eating vegetables | 1.15*** | 1.17*** | 1.12* | 1.15 | 1.15*** | 1.14** | 1.17** | 1.17* | 1.10 |
| N (observations) | 20,774 | 11,693 | 9081 | 6003 | 14,771 | 11,984 | 8790 | 13,017 | 7757 |
Note: Relative hazards were obtained from parametric survival analyses. The reference group in Panel B is “7–8 h and not often eating vegetables”, whereas the reference group in Panel C is “7–8 h and often eating vegetables.” All models controlled for all covariates in Table 1. Relative hazards for all covariates were not presented. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, +p < 0.1