Table 4.

Multi-variable models identifying predictors of distress at 12 months and 24 months post-injury

	Distress at 12 Months (n = 2094)			Distress at 24 Months (n = 2085)
	RR	95% CI for RR	P value	RR	95% CI for RR	P value
Pre-Injury Characteristics
Age (Years)
10–44	Ref
45–65	1.27	1.05, 1.53	0.02
Ethnicity
European	Ref			Ref
Māori	1.70	1.35, 2.13		1.34	1.06, 1.70
Pacific	1.64	1.15, 2.34		1.84	1.32, 2.57
Asian	1.05	0.71, 1.57		1.92	1.42, 2.60
Other	1.14	0.83, 1.57	< 0.01	1.21	0.89, 1.63	< 0.01
Income Adequacy
Adequate	Ref			Ref
Inadequate	1.59	1.30, 1.95	< 0.01	1.62	1.34, 1.96	< 0.01
Mental Health Conditions
0	Ref			Ref
1	1.72	1.33, 2.23		1.59	1.20, 2.11
2+	1.49	1.10, 2.00	< 0.01	1.73	1.30, 2.30	< 0.01
General Health
Excellent/Very good	Ref			Ref
Good	1.33	1.08, 1.65		1.27	1.03, 1.56
Fair/poor	1.67	1.24, 2.24	< 0.01	1.65	1.21, 2.23	< 0.01
Injury-Related Characteristics
Injury Severity (NISS)
1–3 (Least severe)	Ref
4–6 (Severe)	0.78	0.64, 0.96
7+ (Most Severe)	1.06	0.79, 1.43	0.03
Cause of Injury
Unintentional	Ref
Intentional (Assault)	1.55	1.09, 2.21	0.02
Health Service Characteristics
Access to Health Services
No Trouble	Ref			Ref
Trouble/Mixed	1.40	1.09, 1.81	0.01	1.42	1.10, 1.83	0.01
Early Post-Injury Characteristics
Distress at 3 Months (K6 ≥ 8)
Not Distressed	Ref			Ref
Distressed	3.47	2.80, 4.29	< 0.01	3.14	2.57, 3.83	< 0.01