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. 2021 Apr 8;33(7):652–671. doi: 10.1037/pas0000870

Figure 4. Test Response Functions (TRFs) Plotting Expected Scores (y Axis) on the IAT-10 with Respect to the Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) Trait (θ) (x Axis) for the South African (Unbroken Line) and the United States (Broken Line) Subsamples.

Figure 4

Note. The TRFs reveal evidence of differential test functioning (DTF). Raw scores on the IAT-10 do not equate to the same level of PUI due to differential item functioning (DIF) and are thus not directly comparable between samples drawn from these two geographic locations.