Table 3.
Mortality and Hospitalisation Group Comparisons
| n = 68,370 Survived 12 Months | n = 4,761 Died Within 12 Months | p-value | n = 45,560 No Hosp in 12 Months | n = 28,206 Hosp in 12 Months | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 69.2 ± 1.1 | 77.1 ± 9.8 | <0.0005 | 68.6 ± 11.1 | 71.5 ± 11.1 | <0.0005 |
| Male, n (%) | 35,733 (52.3) | 2,744 (57.6) | <0.0005 | 23,683 (52.0) | 15,124 (53.6) | <0.0005 |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||||
| Current | 23,543 (34.4) | 1,266 (26.6) | <0.0005 | 16,283 (35.7) | 8743 (31.0) | <0.0005 |
| Ex | 33,997 (49.7) | 2,478 (52.0) | 0.0020 | 22,130 (48.6) | 14 53 (51.9) | <0.0005 |
| None | 8127 (11.9) | 596 (12.5) | 0.2016 | 5380 (11.8) | 3431 (12.2) | 0.1508 |
| FEV1% predicted (pp), mean ± SD | 62.8 ± 20.6 | 54.1 ± 16.9 | <0.0005 | 63.1 ± 20.8 | 61.0 ± 20.0 | <0.0005 |
| MRC, median [Q1, Q3] | 2 [2, 3] | 3 [2, 4] | <0.0005 | 2 [2, 3] | 3 [2, 3] | <0.0005 |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 27.6 ± 5.7 | 25.8 ± 5.7 | <0.0005 | 27.5 ± 5.6 | 27.4 ± 5.8 | 0.0574 |
| IMD, median [Q1, Q3] | 3 [2, 4] | 3 [2, 4] | 0.1294 | 3 [2, 4] | 3 [2, 4] | 0.0895 |
| N exacerbations, mean ± SD | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | <0.0005 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | <0.0005 |
| Haemoglobin, mean ± SD | 138.0 ± 14.4 | 128.1 ± 19.2 | <0.0005 | 138.9 ± 13.8 | 134.9 ± 16.4 | <0.0005 |
| Eosinophil, mean ± SD | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | <0.0005 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.0136 |
| Asthma*, n (%) | 26,983 (39.5) | 1,789 (37.6) | 0.0103 | 17,065 (37.5) | 11,972 (42.4) | <0.0005 |
| Essential hypertension, n (%) | 25,475 (37.3) | 2,683 (56.4) | <0.0005 | 14,844 (32.6) | 13,677 (48.5) | <0.0005 |
| Musculoskeletal, n (%) | 15,918 (23.3) | 1,533 (32.2) | <0.0005 | 8,916 (19.6) | 8,804 (31.2) | <0.0005 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 12,831 (18.8) | 1,569 (33.0) | <0.0005 | 7,266 (15.9) | 7,318 (25.9) | <0.0005 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11,149 (16.3) | 1,078 (22.6) | <0.0005 | 6,748 (14.8) | 5,646 (20.0) | <0.0005 |
| Kidney disease, n (%) | 10,201 (14.9) | 1,543 (32.4) | <0.0005 | 5,846 (12.8) | 6,127 (21.7) | <0.0005 |
| CVD, n (%) | 13,340 (19.5) | 2,150 (45.2) | <0.0005 | 7,475 (16.4) | 8,196 (29.1) | <0.0005 |
| Anaemia, n (%) | 6,698 (9.8) | 1,248 (26.2) | <0.0005 | 3,565 (7.8) | 4,484 (15.9) | <0.0005 |
| Psychological, n (%) | 7,705 (11.3) | 923 (19.4) | <0.0005 | 4,695 (10.3) | 4,108 (14.6) | <0.0005 |
| GERD, n (%) | 6,266 (9.2) | 435 (9.1) | 0.9689 | 3,512 (7.7) | 3,321 (11.8) | <0.0005 |
| Frailty, n (%) | 2,920 (4.3) | 464 (9.7) | <0.0005 | 1,605 (3.5) | 1,855 (6.6) | <0.0005 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 1,723 (2.5) | 234 (4.9) | <0.0005 | 927 (2.0) | 1,089 (3.9) | <0.0005 |
Notes: Mortality and hospitalisation group comparisons with 2-tailed p-value based on t-tests, Mann–Whitney U and Chi-square (with Yates’ correction) statistics. Measures used are mean (SD), n (%) and median [Q1, Q3] for continuous variables, prevalence and categorical variables, respectively. *Mortality comparison for asthma, survival is more prevalent group. Comparisons are made after removal of censored cases, for example, those with less than 12-months follow-up without a mortality (Figure 3). Respective totals (training and testing cohorts combined) for mortality and hospitalisation are 73,131 and 73,766.