Table 2.
Bivariate Analysis of the Factors Associated with HIV Stigma Among Men
| Characteristic | Unadusted Risk Ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| 18–34 years 35+ years |
Ref 0.84 (0.79–0.90) |
<0.001 |
| Marital Status | ||
| Widowed | Ref. | Ref. |
| Single (never married) | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 0.39 |
| Divorced/separated | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 0.82 |
| Married | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.95 |
| Level of education | ||
| No education | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary | 0.97 (0.85–1.12) | 0.75 |
| Secondary | 1.01 (0.87–1.17) | 0.84 |
| Tertiary | 0.99 (0.80–1.23) | 0.96 |
| Religion | ||
| Others (Anglican, muslim, Pentecostal, SDAA) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Catholic | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.29 |
| Employment (casual labor) | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 0.26 |
| Area of residence (rural) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.55 |
| ART regimen | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 0.16 |
| Duration on ART | ||
| 2–5 years | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | 0.03 |
| >5 years | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) | <0.001 |
| Side effects | 0.96 (0.85–1.07) | 0.47 |
| Access to ART | 0.88 (0.65–1.18) | 0.39 |
| HIV Status of spouse | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 0.13 |
| Social support | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | <0.001 |
| Food insecurity | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; SDA, seventh day adventist