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. 2021 Jun 18;9:e11520. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11520

Table 2. Total dry matter intake and rumen fermentation parameters of yak supplemented with oat hays and concentrate during the cold season.

Items	Treatments			SEM	P-value
	GG	OG	CG
TDMI (kg/d)	3.32^a	3.57^b	4.51^c	0.124	<0.001
Rumen pH	7.02^a	6.91^b	6.76^c	0.026	<0.001
NH3-N (mg/mL)	5.86^a	8.61^b	10.9^c	0.486	<0.001
TVFA (mM)	52.43^a	59.41^b	63.75^c	1.108	<0.001
Molar proportion of VFA (%)
Acetate	78.24^a	76.71^ab	75.24^b	0.578	0.031
Propionate	15.13^a	15.87^a	17.23^b	0.302	0.001
Butyrate	4.84^a	5.56^a	6.74^b	0.254	0.001
Isobutyrate	0.85^a	0.88^a	0.95^b	0.012	<0.001
Isovalerate	0.90^a	0.93^a	1.25^b	0.039	<0.001
A/P	5.18^a	4.84^a	4.3^b	0.103	<0.001

Notes.

Values are presented as mean ± SEM. Means in a row with different small letter superscripts differ significantly (P > 0.05), same letter superscripts present no difference (P < 0.05).

GG: grazing group
OG: oats hay supplement group
CG: concentrate supplement group
TDMI: total dry matter intake
NH3-N: ammonia nitrogen
TVFA: total volaile fatty acids
A/P: acetate/propionate ratio
VFA: volatile fatty acids
SEM: standard error of the mean