Figure 1.

Deamination of adenosine to inosine and ADAR family. (A) The schematic of adenosine-to-inosine deamination reaction catalysed by ADARs. (B) Domain structures of ADAR family genes in the vertebrate. There are three ADAR family members (ADAR1, ADAR2, and ADAR3), and ADAR1 contains two isoforms (p110 and p150). All the enzymes contain a conserved deaminase domain, shown in green, and the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domain (dsRBD) that determines substrate specificity, shown in orange. ADAR1 p110 and p150 isoforms are different in their Z-DNA-binding domains, shown in blue. The only ADAR3 contains an arginine-rich domain, shown in purple