Table 3:
Identification of Four Distinct Clusters of Patients With a History of Pregnancy Among The APS ACTION Registry
| Variables, n (%) | Cluster 1 (n=85) | Cluster 2 (n=69) | Cluster 3 (n=92) | Cluster 4 (n=44) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Mean Age, year±SD | 47.95 | ± 9.63 b | 38.94 | ± 11.67 | 44.86 | ± 11.74 b | 42.94 | ± 11.30 |
| White | 52 | (65.8) | 35 | (54.7) | 53 | (66.3) | 22 | (50.0) |
| Asian | 3 | (3.8) | 11 | (17.2) a | 8 | (10.0) | 4 | (9.1) |
| Latin American | 22 | (27.8) | 16 | (25.0) | 12 | (15.0) | 12 | (27.3) |
| Black | 1 | (1.3) | 2 | (3.1) | 5 | (6.3) | 5 | (11.4) |
| Past Medical History | ||||||||
| Clinical Criteria* | ||||||||
| Arterial Thrombosis | 40 | (47.1) b,d | 12 | (17.4) | 31 | (33.7) | 8 | (18.2) |
| Venous Thromboembolism | 37 | (43.5)c | 27 | (39.1)c | 16 | (17.4) | 34 | (77.3) a,b,c |
| Small Vessel Thrombosis | 8 | (9.4) | 1 | (1.4) | 4 | (4.3) | 2 | (4.5) |
| ≥ 3 Fetal Losses | 7 | (8.2) | 5 | (7.2) | 8 | (8.7) | 3 | (6.8) |
| Fetal Death > 10th Week | 30 | (35.3)c | 58 | (84.1) a,c,d | 3 | (3.3) | 11 | (25.0)c |
| Premature Birth** | 12 | (14.1) | 21 | (30.4) d | 18 | (19.6) d | 1 | (2.3) |
| Classification | ||||||||
| Asymptomatic aPL-carriers | 11 | (12.9) | 3 | (4.3) | 33 | (35.9) a,b,d | 5 | (11.4) |
| Obstetrical APS | 7 | (8.2) | 29 | (42.0) a,c,d | 15 | (16.3) | 3 | (6.8) |
| Thrombotic & obstetrical APS | 30 | (35.3) c | 25 | (36.2) c | 13 | (14.1) | 12 | (27.3) |
| Thrombotic APS | 37 | (43.5) b | 12 | (17.4) | 31 | (33.7) | 24 | (54.5) b |
| Other AutoImmune Disease | ||||||||
| SLE | 21 | (24.7) | 11 | (15.9) | 20 | (21.7) | 25 | (56.8) a,b,c |
| Lupus-Like Disease | 7 | (8.2) | 4 | (5.8) | 15 | (16.3) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 42 | (49.4) b,c | 12 | (17.4) | 17 | (18.5) | 13 | (29.5) |
| Diabetes | 4 | (4.7) | 3 | (4.3) | 5 | (5.4) | 2 | (4.5) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 29 | (34.1) b,c | 6 | (8.7) | 13 | (14.1) | 6 | (13.6) |
| Obesity | 21 | (24.7) | 10 | (14.5) | 21 | (22.8) | 25 | (56.8) a,b,c |
| Smoking | 14 | (16.5) b | 2 | (2.9) | 16 | (17.4) b | 5 | (11.4) |
| Treatments | ||||||||
| Aspirin | 32 | (38.1) | 32 | (46.4)d | 57 | (62.0) a,d | 9 | (20.5) |
| Warfarin | 56 | (65.9)c | 31 | (44.9) | 35 | (38.0) | 33 | (75.0) b,c |
| LMWH | 7 | (8.2) | 4 | (5.8) | 7 | (7.6) | 2 | (4.5) |
| Statins | 29 | (34.1) b,d | 5 | (7.2) | 16 | (17.4) | 5 | (11.4) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 35 | (41.7) | 23 | (33.3) | 37 | (40.2) | 23 | (52.3) |
| Laboratory Parameters | ||||||||
| Antiphospholipid Antibodies | ||||||||
| Lupus Anticoagulant | 75 | (88.2) c | 55 | (79.7) c | 53 | (57.6) | 39 | (88.6) c |
| Anticardiolipin Antibodies | 63 | (74.1) d | 47 | (68.1) d | 78 | (84.8) d | 7 | (15.9) |
| Anti-β2-GPI Antibodies | 37 | (43.5)d | 28 | (40.6)d | 59 | (64.1) a,b,d | 1 | (2.3) |
| Other Parameters | ||||||||
| Anti-Ro | 6 | (7.1) | 6 | (8.7) | 11 | (12.0) | 10 | (22.7) |
| Anti-La | 1 | (1.2) | 2 | (2.9) | 2 | (2.2) | 4 | (9.1) |
Significantly (p<0.05) more prevalent than Cluster 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
Several clinical manifestations can occur in the same patient.
Due to preeclampsia, eclampsia, or placental insufficiency.
Anti-β2-GPI: Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I; LMWH: Low Molecular Weight Heparin; SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
The variable with the highest percentage, which is significantly more common compared to one other cluster only is defined as “Predominant Variable (bold)”, and to three other clusters as “Discriminant Variable (bold & underline (NB: for each variable, when both discriminant and predominant variables are present, only the discriminant variable is shown in bold to facilitate the reading).