Table 2. List of potential drug–drug interactions in COVID-19 therapy.
| Drug | Reported DDGI | COVID-19 drugs | Antidiabetics | Antihypertensives | Lipid lowering agents | Anticoagulant/antiplatelet/fibrinolytic | Dosing guidelines (count) | Ref. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug | Gene | Drug | Gene | Drug | Gene | Drug | Gene | Drug | Gene | ||||
|
Ritonavir inhibits CYP3A4 CYP3A5 CYP3A7 CYP2D6 |
Voriconazole | Tocilizumab Sarilumab Siltuximab Baricitinib Isotretinoin Ruxolitinib Azithromycin |
3A4 | Linagliptin | 3A4 | Indapamide Aliskiren Hydralazine Ivabradine Lacidipine |
3A4 | Fish oils | 3A4 | Argatroban | 3A4/5 |
3A4/5 (1) 2D6 (37) |
[38] |
| Darunavir | 3A4 2D6 |
Saxagliptin | 3A4 3A5 |
Lercanidipine | 3A4/5/7 2D6 |
||||||||
| Sirolimus | 3A457 | Ranolazine | 3A4 2D6 |
||||||||||
| Acalabrutinib | 3A45 | Tadalafil | 3A4 3A5 |
||||||||||
|
Fluvoxamine inhibits CYP1A2 CYP3A4 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 |
Lansoprazole | Tocilizumab Sarilumab Siltuximab Baricitinib Isotretinoin Ruxolitinib Azithromycin |
3A4 | Linagliptin | 3A4 | Indapamide Aliskiren Hydralazine Ivabradine Lacidipine |
3A4 | Fish oils | 3A4 | Acenocoumarol | 1A2 3A4 2C9 2C19 |
3A4 (1) 2C9 (21) 2C19 (13) |
[38] |
| Leflunomide | 1A2 2C9 |
Gliclazide | 2C9 2C19 |
Macitentan | 3A4 2C19 |
Rosuvastatin | 2C9 | ||||||
| Interferon alfa-2b Famotidine Human interferon beta |
1A2 | Glimepiride | 2C9 | Treprostinil Valsartan |
2C9 | ||||||||
| Tofacitinib | 2C19 3A4 |
Bosentan | 2C9 3A4 |
||||||||||
|
Fluoxetine inhibits CYP2D6 CYP2C19 |
2D6 (37) 2C19 (13) 2D6 + 2C19 (10) |
||||||||||||
|
Disulfiram inhibits CYP2E1 |
Isosorbide dinitrate | 2E1 | |||||||||||
DDGI: Drug–drug–gene interaction.