Table 3.
Associations of smoking cessation duration and cumulative smoking dose with prevalent coronary artery calcification in former smokers
| Smoking History | No. of Events (%) | Former versus Never Smoker | Former versus Current Smoker | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) a | P Value | Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) a | P Value | ||
| Smoking dose | |||||
| Never smoker | 411/990 (42) | 1.00 | − | ||
| Former smoker | 346/592 (58) | ||||
| Group 1 (0.1 to <10 pack-yr) | 785/190 (41) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.15) | 0.81 | 0.77 (0.65 to 0.90) | 0.001 |
| Group 2 (10 to <20 pack-yr) | 75/136 (55) | 1.08 (0.92 to 1.28) | 0.40 | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.03) | 0.13 |
| Group 3 (≥20 pack-yr) | 193/266 (73) | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) | 0.05 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | 0.40 |
| Current smoker | 195/332 (59) | − | 1.00 | ||
| Duration of smoking cessation | |||||
| Never smoker | 411/990 (42) | 1.00 | − | ||
| Former smoker b | 284/495 (57) | ||||
| Group 1 (0.5 to <10 yr) | 105/190 (55) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.39) | 0.02 | 0.96 (0.33 to 1.10) | 0.56 |
| Group 2 (10 to <20 yr) | 98/183 (54) | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) | 0.54 | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.98) | 0.02 |
| Group 3 (≥20 yr) | 81/122 (66) | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.14) | 0.9 | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.96) | 0.01 |
| Current smoker | 195/332 (59) | − | 1.00 | ||
95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
a
Model was adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, economic status, educational level, body mass index, systolic BP, statin use, calcium-phosphate products, eGFR, and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio.
b
Because of data availability for cessation duration, only 495 former smokers were analyzed.